
Book JVjfi tQ 
Copyright N° 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



The Creator's Plan 
and Man's Work 



OR 



THE FOUNDATION AND CONSTRUCTION 

OF THE 

UNIVERSAL CIVILIZATION 



BY CHARLES G. McDOUGALL 

A Corn Grower of Illinois and a Rice Grower 

oi Arkansas 



WRITTEN FOR THE COMMON PEOPLE 



Danforth, Illinois, March, 1908 



, 






COPYRIGHTED 1911 
3Y CHARLES G. McDOUGALL 



TIMES-DEMOCRAT PRESS 
WATSEKA. ILL. 



©CLA300009 




CHARLES G. McDOUGALL. 



Contents 



Page 

Introductory 1 

The Foundation 2 

Slavery 11 

Trade 16 

Roman Civilization 25 

Protection from the Wrath of God .... 28 

Feudalism 32 

The French Revolution 34 

Summary of the Evidence 37 

Diagram Showing First Four Columns 41 

Explanation of Diagrams 42 

The Force and Material 43 

The Force 49 

The Material 64 

Recapitulation 80 

The Fifth Column, Private Ownership 87 



Contents 

The Sixth Column, Competition 106 

The Seventh Column, Money 128 

The Eighth Column, Freedom of Trade 139 

The Ninth Column, Public Utilities. . . 176 

The Tenth Column, Sanitation 210 

The Eleventh Column, Peace 217 

The Twelfth Column, Religion 229 

Notes 234 

Justice 240 



Preface 




R. BUCKLE, the author of "Civi- 
lization in England," of which 
he was only spared to write the 
introduction, says: "For in the moral 
world as in the physical world, nothing is 
anomalous; nothing is unnatural; nothing 
is strange. 

"All is order, symmetry and law. 
There are opposites, but there are no con- 
tradictions. 

"In the character of nations, incon- 
sistency is impossible. To solve the 

great problem of affairs, to detect the hid- 
den circumstances which determine the 



ii. Preface 

march and destiny of nations; and to find 
in the events of the past a key to the pro- 
ceedings of the future is nothing less than 
to unite in a single science all the laws of 
the moral and physical world. 

"Whoever does this will build up 
afresh the fabric of our knowledge, re-ar- 
range its various parts and harmonize its 
apparent discrepancies." 

To detect the hidden urcumstances 
which determine the march and destiny 
of nations, and to find in the events of the 
1 ast a key to the proceedings of the future 
is the great work which the author at- 
tempts to accomplish. While he cannot 
hope to achieve success in an undertaking 
of such magnitude, yet it possible that he 
lias been able to do some work on a foun- 
dation upon which others may build. 



Preface in. 

To the college graduate, I wish to say 
that I have been deprived of the benefits 
even of a common school education and 
the book may not be up to the standard 
of other scientific works ; this field, howev- 
er, is open to you; with your knowledge 
and education, you should be able to ac- 
complish more than I have. 

To the common people, and especially 
to the farmers, I will say that I am one of 
you and I know that you are all aware of 
the fact that there must be a foundation 
for every structure, and its construction 
requires force and material. 

In this book I first prove that the 
foundation of the Universal Civilization 
is — The Earth was created for mankind 
and the fruits of the Earth are the gift of 
the Creator to all; and laws were made 



iY. Preface 

by the Creator, the great Architect of the 
Universe, to carry out that intention; the 
Force is the constant pressure of the self- 
ish mainspring of human conduct on the 
common people; the Material is the pecu- 
liar construction of the Earth, which, you 
have all observed, produces or contains, 
or possibly produces and contains both, a 
surplus of a few commodities in every lo- 
cality. 

The work so far accomplished has lift- 
ed us up out of a condition of barbarism, 
ignorance and superstition, and given us 
the right to life, liberty, equality and free- 
dom, which I call the first four columns 
of the Universal Civilization. 

The personal rights of mankind hav- 
ing in a great measure been attained, or 
at least discovered and proclaimed to the 
world, the question or demand of the peo- 



Preface v. 

pie is now a question of property, or a de- 
mand for the fruits of tlie earth. There- 
fore, it follows that every institution of 
government, or every column of our struc- 
ture, must strengthen and support the 
first four columns and at the same time 
provide the fruits of the Earth at the low- 
est cost or least exertion. 

In addition to the inspiration derived 
from the plow handle, the author desires 
to say that he has devoted considerable 
time to the study of Mr. Buckle's "Histo- 
ry of Civilization in England," from 
which source he has derived much valu- 
able information, and I also feel under ob- 
ligations to my friend, Mr. Harry Atwood, 
of Morgan Park, Illinois, for many valua- 
ble suggestions in correcting the original 
copy. 






Introductory 

HE GRANDEST work of man* is 
civilization, by which is meant 
the change in political and social 
conditions, existing at the present time 
compared with the same conditions in a 
state of barbarism. 

This great work of civilization is in 
its infancy; it is hardly begun; in fact the 
foundation upon which to build the struc- 
ture has not been discovered. 

The necessary columns or institutions 
for its maintenance have not been desig- 
nated; the work that has been accomplish- 
ed in its construction seems to be haphaz- 

* See Note One. 



2 Introductory 

ard, and is not securely or properly braced ; 
we are not yet sufficiently removed from 
barbarism to be free from danger; there is 
a possibility, a grave possibility, that it 
may be overthrown. 

It is not built upon a lasting or per- 
manent foundation. 

When all of the columns or institu- 
tions for the support of the structure are 
resting upon the same and the lasting 
foundation, the nations of the Earth will 
not be an armed camp; the oceans will not 
be covered with ships of war and destruc- 
tion; and the first sights to greet the inter- 
national traveler will not be forts and can- 
non. 

When civilization is based upon the 
proper foundation, the instruments of war 
will not be necessary and will not be tol- 
erated. 



Introductory 3 

When we take into consideration the 
development of Japan along the present 
lines of civilization, and also take into 
consideration the vast population and re- 
sources of China, now lying dormant, and 
then remember that even in our own coun- 
try, at the present rate of consumption, 
iron will be exhausted and coal a scarce 
commodity within a century, we can easily 
see what might cause a repetition of the 
conditions following the downfall of the 
Roman Empire. 

With the exception of the abolition of 
slavery, the Roman civilization was built 
upon a foundation which would compare 
very favorably with the foundation upon 
which the present civilization rests. 

The foundation of the Roman civili- 
zation was force or power, but finally the 
storms came, the Empire being weakened 



4 Introductory 

by slavery and the consequent unequal dis- 
tribution of wealth and political influence, 
was overrun by barbarians, Rome destroy- 
ed and the so called Roman civilization 
swept away and forgotten. 

This calamity was followed by an era 
of ignorance and superstition, very prop- 
erly called the Dark Ages. 

The first work, as we all know, in the 
construction of a great building, is the 
foundation upon which to base the various 
columns for the support and maintenance 
of the proposed structure. 

Formerly the foundation of the build- 
ings in the city of Chicago, was the clay 
only a few feet below the surface; those 
buildings soon settled out of shape and 
had to be torn down; then piles were driv- 
en deep in the Earth and the foundation 



Introductory 5 

stones were laid upon the piles; again the 
buildings settled and had to be torn down; 
at the present time holes are dug to the 
bed rock and filled up with concrete; the 
many columns for the support of the build- 
ing are bedded deep in this concrete; thus 
the building rests upon a foundation that 
will stand the test of time ; ancient history 
is a partial record of former civilizations 
that have fallen, like the first buildings of 
Chicago, simply because they were not 
based upon the lasting foundation. 

In the construction of the proposed 
building, to wit, the Universal Civilization, 
it is the hope of the Author, first to dis- 
cover the proper foundation, then will fol- 
low the construction of the necessary col- 
umns or institutions for the perpetuation 
of the work; all of the columns of the pres- 
ent civilization, that are based upon the 



6 Introductory 

proper foundation will be ntil'zcd, 
strengthened, and made permanent; it is 
not the proposition to write a long and 
tedious book, in language that the ordi- 
nary farmer and laborer can not under- 
stand, instead, he will attempt to discover 
the plans and specifications, which he con- 
tends are prepared by the great Architect 
of the universe, for the foundation and 
construction of a work or building, in 
which all are interested, and in which all 
either consciously or unconsciously per- 
form a certain part of the work. 

As these plans and specifications are 
intended for the common people, they are 
simple and easily understood. 



The Foundation 



o 



F THE reader will turn to Genesis, 
Chapter I: 28-31, he will see ac- 
cording to this account of the cre- 
ation that the Earth, including all things 
and especially the fruits of the Earth, is 
the gift of the Creator to mankind. 

Again, Genesis, Chapter 9: 2-3, almost 
in the same words: "Even as the green 
herb have I given you all things. " 

This gift of the Creator to mankind, 
the reader will notice, was not made to any 
race or class; it was simply given to ALL 
mankind; that evidently being the plain 
intention of the Creator it is only reason- 

7 



8 The Foundation 

able to suppose that he made the necessary 
laws to carry out his intention. 

The discovery of those laws will be 
the complete science of Political Economy, 
and their application, will be the Univer- 
sal Civilization. 

In this day and generation it would 
be useless to produce arguments for the 
Universal Civilization based upon a Theo- 
logical foundation. 



^& a 



Theology is the result of faith, and to- 
day there are too many skeptics, too many 
doubters. 

While a theological foundation may 
be correct, yet this age demands scientific 
and historic proof. 

Science is the result of inquiry and 
patient investigation; a scientific fact is 



The Foundation $ 

the discovery of a natural law, in other 
words, the discovery of a law made by the 
Creator. 

History is a partial record of what has 
happened in the World. 

Here is an opportunity to write a his- 
tory of mankind of many volumes; not 
having the time and knowledge necessary 
to undertake such a work, and also know- 
ing that the common people, who have for 
all time led, and must continue to lead the 
way in all movements that have any per- 
manent results in bettering the condition 
of mankind, do not have the time and in- 
clination to read such works, I will only 
produce the headlines of the progress of 
civilization. 

Every step forward points to the 
great truth that the Earth, regardless of 



10 The Foundation 

the Mosaic account of the creation and 
considering only scientific and historical 
facts, was created for mankind. 

Every institution that is based upon 
this foundation stands the test of time, 
while every institution that is not based 
upon it falls, passes away, and is buried 
with the dead past. 

If these statements are correct, and it 
is found to the satisfaction of the reader, 
that the Theological foundation is proven 
to be correct, by scientific and historical 
facts, then we can easily discover the in- 
stitutions that must yet fall, and those 
that have been or will be constructed to 
maintain the Universal Civilization of the 
future. 



Slavery 



n~ HE INSTITUTION of slavery, the 
reader will easily admit, was based 

upon the theory that the Earth 

was created for a few, at least not for 
all. 

The beginning of slavery dates back 
to the time when one barbarian discover- 
ed that he had the strength to overpower 
another and compel him to work for a bare 
existence. 

The history of slavery, its degrada- 
dation and cruelties, would require a vol- 
ume many times larger than the Author 
proposes to write, and would distract the 

attention of the reader, so that the main 

11 



12 Slavery 

object would become more or less indis- 
tinct and perhaps lost. 

It is sufficient to say that slaves were 
sometimes branded, with hot irons the 
same as cattle; at other times they had no 
rights whatever, and the owner could put 
them to death for the slightest cause, or no 
cause at all. 

In order to maintain the institution 
of slavery it was always necessary to keep 
the slaves in ignorance; when this was ne- 
glected it resulted in revolt, and the mur- 
der of their masters. 

Slavery, in ancient as well as modern 
times, was responsible for a condition of 
society that can be best understood by 
quoting from a negro song often heard in 
the south before the war: 

"I ruther be a nigger than a po' white 
man. ' ? 



Slavery 13 

The white or free laborer was poor 
because he could not compete with slave 
labor and accumulate any property. 

It was this condition more than any 
other one thing that caused the decline 
and fall of the Eoman Empire. 

The beginning of the final fall of slav- 
ery, in all civilized nations, dates back to 
the year of 1783 when a petition was ad- 
dressed to the English Parliament for the 
abolition of the slave trade. 

On February fourth, 1794, the French 
declared all slaves in French colonies free. 

In March 1807, an act was passed by 
the English Parliament fixing the date of 
January First, 1808, upon which the Eng- 
lish slave trade should cease. 

The total abolition of the trade by 
other European powers and America was 



14 Slavery 

gradually provided for by treaties whicli 
were enforced by the English Government. 

In 1830, a bill was passed freeing all 
slaves in British colonies, providing for 
the payment to the owners of One Hun- 
dred Million dollars to compensate them 
for their loss. 

The war of the rebellion in the United 
States, 1861 to 1865, was indirectly caused 
by slavery. 

As a war measure the slaves were set 
free in 1863 and the act was confirmed by 
constitutional amendment in 1865. 

This war cost about Seven Hundred 
Thousand lives, desolated the southern 
states and, including principal and inter- 
est, pensions, etc., has cost the people by 
this time at least Ten Billions of dollars. 



Slavery 15 

The attention of the reader is called 
to the fact that the English method, which 
they have always followed in abolishing 
an institution that opposes the progress 
of civilization, is much better and less 
costly than the method followed in the ab- 
olition of slavery. 

It, slavery, was based upon the theory 
that the Earth was created for a few. 

Its abolition at such tremendous cost 
of life, and inconcievable cost of treasure, 
discovers the scientific fact, or natural law 
that no one is born to be the slave of an- 
other, and very materially helps to sup- 
port the Theological foundation as the 
basis of the Universal Civilization, that 
the Earth was created for mankind. 



Trade 



0" GAIN, in further support of the 
Theological foundation, we will 
- J now investigate trade, and the 
necessary implements of trade and travel, 
which are Transportation and Money. 

Trade differs from slavery in this par- 
ticular; it is based upon the theory that 
the fruits of the Earth, at least, are creat- 
ed for mankind. 

The beginning of trade, like slavery, 
dates back of all authentic history. 

First, trade was only barter, or the 
exchange of one surplus commodity for 

another. 

16 



Trade 17 

Transportation facilities at the begin- 
ning of trade were very meager. 

When the primeval trader arrived at 
the point, where the local demand was not 
large enough to consume all of his wares, 
he very probably floated them down the 
streams on a rude raft; later he made boats 
which still floated down the streams; in 
time he learned that poles or oars enabled 
him to go up the streams as well; sails af- 
terwards replaced the oars; while today 
the great steam freighters carry the dif- 
ferent surplus products of the world in any 
direction regardless of wind, tide or cur- 
rent. 

Transportation on land is and always 
has been more difficult, and at times more 
dangerous, than transportation by water; 
rivers, mountains, deserts, wild beasts, 

3 



18 Trade 

and barbarous countries, were at one time 
serious obstacles to land transportation. 

Some of these were overcome in an 
early stage of civilization by the construc- 
tion of canals, thus substituting transpor- 
tation by water for that by land. 

In the first stages of land transporta- 
tion the primitive trader probably carried 
his wares on his own back; as he conquer- 
ed the animals he made them carry his 
loads; in the winter he learned to use a 
rough sled; in time he began to use wheels 
on his sled, and so it goes, until today we 
have the modern railroad with mighty en- 
gines hauling trains of fifty to one hun- 
dred and twenty-five loaded cars. 

It is indeed a long way from the prim- 
itive trader with his back load of a dozen 



Trade 19 

stone axes to the great locomotive with 
its burden of over two million pounds of 
merchandise. 

The invention of the steam engine 
and the construction of railroads, very ma- 
terially reduced the cost of transportation 
on land and caused a great increase of 
trade, both between the people of the same 
nation, called domestic trade, and the peo- 
ple of different nations, called foreign 
trade. 

As trade increased, the difficulty of 
exchanging a surplus commodity for the 
desired article in the desired quantity be- 
came more difficult, consequently the in- 
vention of money. 

At first money consisted of the things 
most generally desired, such as skins, cat- 
tle, shells, grain, mats, salt, tobacco, etc. 



20 Trade 

However, it was discovered in an ear- 
ly stage of ancient civilization that gold 
and silver fulfilled all of the requirements 
of money, and I might add that this dis- 
covery has never been improved upon, so 
far as the people are concerned, except 
by the issue of paper certificates, repre- 
senting an equal amount of coin held in 
government vaults. 

Along with the increase of transpor- 
tation and money, came the mail, tele- 
graph, telephone, and lately the wireless 
method of communication; all of which 
points to the fact that the Earth as a 
whole was and continues to be a perfect 
creation, and that the desires of man are 
limited and were intended to be limited 
only by the fruits of the entire Earth. 

Trade is the great civilizer of Man- 
kind; in our own country the trader has 



Trade 21 

led the way from the Atlantic to the Pa- 
cific. 

At the present time the advance guard 
of trade is found in the frozen north, and 
in the jungles of Africa. 



Wherever the trade goes he scatters 
the seeds of civilization. 



In China, where trade was long pro- 
hibited and where, at the present time, 
there is the least foreign trade of any 
great nation, we find a backward state of 
civilization. 

The expected awakening of China de- 
pends upon the increase of her foreign 
trade. 

Trade has stood the test of time, all 
the way from barbarism to the present 
state of civilization; it has led the way 



22 Trade 

and every exchange of commodities, every 
increase of trade, has benefited not only 
a few but all mankind. 

Trade demands peace; it will even- 
tually banish war. 

If the reader has the time and incli- 
nation he can easily find works which will 
prove that the important facts concerning 
the history of trade, and the implements 
of trade, to-wit, money, means of com- 
munication, and transportation, are con- 
tained in these headlines. 

Here, however, there is no mention of 
tariff laws, or other foolish regulations by 
various nations, to restrict, interfere, reg- 
ulate and prevent the free exchange of 
many surplus commodities between the 
people of different nations. 



Trade 23 

This subject will be considered in the 
construction of one of the columns of the 
proposed structure. 

Now we have SLAVERY, a negative 
argument, and TRADE, an affirmative ar- 
gument; the former institution, or slavery, 
based upon the theory that the Earth was 
created for a few individuals; the latter 
institution, or trade, based upon the theory 
that the Earth was created for all. 

As civilization advances, slavery re- 
cedes and is finally abolished; on the other 
hand, as civilization advances trade in- 
creases and becomes universal. 

If the Theological foundation, to-wit: 
— The Earth was created for mankind, and 
the fruits of the Earth are the gift of the 
creator to all; which it is desired to sup- 
port by scientific and historical facts, was 



24 Trade 

not correct, then the result would be exact- 
ly reversed; slavery would increase and 
become universal, while trade would re- 
cede and finally become extinct. 

While the decline and abolition of 
slavery and the incessant increase and ex- 
tension of trade, overcoming in its onward 
march not only the obstacles of nature but 
also the obstacles interposed by ignorant 
or selfish and meddlesome legislators and 
rulers, ought to be sufficient evidence to es- 
tablish the correctness of the Theological 
foundation as the only true basis for the 
Universal Civilization; yet in order to fur- 
nish a preponderance of evidence, there 
are other witnesses to examine. 



Roman Civilization 




HE Koman government and insti- 
tutions, consequently, the Eoman 
Civilization, was based upon force 
or power. 

The wealth that was accumulated by 
conquering other nations and countries 
and reducing the people to slavery gradu- 
ally fell into the hands of a very few indi- 
viduals. 

The proposition that all governments 
derive their just powers from the consent 
of the governed was entirely ignored. 

The conditions, so far as the common 

4 25 



26 Roman Civilization 

people and the slaves were concerned, fi- 
nally became unbearable. 

The great majority of the people 
were either slaves or worse than slaves; 
nothing to live for, nothing to fight for; 
and the wealthy class were not sufficiently 
numerous to defend the Empire from civ- 
il discord and foreign invasion; conse- 
quently the downfall of what was called 
the Eoman Civilization. 

Borne as a dominant nation existed 
Twelve Hundred years, the end coming 
about A. D. 476. 

For centuries she derived all that any 
nation can derive from military power; 
she was always prepared for war; she was 
mistress of the known World, both on 
land and sea; not only a World power but 
the power of the world. 



Roman Civilization 27 

From the downfall of Eome and the 
disappearance of her civilization we learn 
that force either to maintain peace or per- 
petuate war, is not the proper foundation 
upon which to build a lasting civilization. 




Protection From the 
Wrath of God 

BOUT Five Hundred years after 
the fall of the Koman Empire, ow- 
ing to the incessant pressure of the 
principal mainspring of human conduct, 
SELFISHNESS, the common people first 
began to doubt the doctrine of the Clergy 
and manifested a desire to better their 
condition. 

During the Five hundred years men- 
tioned above, the Clergy alone were able 
to read and write, consequently had an 
absolute monopoly of knowledge concern- 
ing the laws of nature. 

28 



Protection from Wrath 29 

In the absence of physical knowledge, 
or knowledge concerning the laws of na- 
ture, man is always superstitious; any un- 
usual natural occurrence is therefore at- 
tributed to the interference of the Deity. 

A comet, an eclipse, a severe storm, a 
dry season, a wet season, an earthquake, 
and especially an epidemic, is to them a 
manifestation of the wrath of God sent to 
chastise them for their sins. In the great 
depths of their ignorance the people 
wanted PKOTECTIOX FEOM THE 
WBATH OF GOD, and that was the foun- 
dation upon which civilization, if it 
might be called civilization, rested. 

The church or the Clergy claimed to 
be able to furnish the desired protection; 
all the people had to do was to believe the 
doctrine and contribute their wealth to 
the church. 



30 Protection from Wrath 

As knowledge increased in spite of 
all opposition and became diffused among 
the people, the Clergy found it necessary 
to persecute and torture the people, in or- 
der to make them believe the doctrine, and 
thus be able to continue themselves in pow- 
er over them; it was then that the struggle 
began for religious liberty. 

This struggle between the people and 
the church continued with more or less 
violence until the treaty of Westphalia, 
A. D. 1648, and finally resulted in religious 
liberty for every one in the higher civil- 
ized nations. 

For the first five hundred years fol- 
lowing the downfall of Rome, the ignor- 
ance of the people was so dense that they 
made no serious protest against the rule 
of the church. 



Protection from Wrath 31 

The present conditions in Russia 
would probably be a fair comparison of 
the conditions existing during the remain- 
der of the period up to the treaty of West- 
phalia, except that the instruments of tor- 
ture now in use to maintain the Russian 
Autocracy in power are not quite so bar- 
barous as those in use at that time. 

Protection from the wrath of God, or 
government by the church, was based upon 
the theory that the Earth was created for 
the Clergy; this attempt to maintain gov- 
ernment based upon a false theory, ignor- 
ing the fact that the Earth was created 
for mankind, has long since fallen in all 
civilized nations. 



Feudalism 




T the time the Clergy first com- 
menced to persecute and torture the 
people, to make them believe the 
doctrine of the church, the land was owned 
or controlled in large tracts. In order to 
protect themselves from the persecution 
of the Clergy the people allied themselves 
with the large land owners. This system 
of government was called the Feudal sys- 
tem. It was the first attempt of the people 
to establish government on a secular basis 
instead of a spiritual basis. 

Under this system of government the 
common people were little, if any, better 
than slaves; but it must have been better 

32 



Feudalism 33 

than government by the church, otherwise 
it could not have lasted as long as it did. 

Feudalism was based upon the theory 
that the Earth was made for a few large 
land owners; its decline and fall was 
caused by the growth of cities, the increase 
and diffusion of knowledge and the con- 
sequent loss of power by the church. 



The French Revolution 




GAIN Coming down to modern 
times in 1789, we have the French 
Revolution. 

The King, the Aristocracy, and the 
Clergy of France at that time, seem to 
have labored under the opinion that the 
Earth was created for them. 

The rights and welfare of the common 
people were entirely ignored and the con- 
ditions in France were fast approaching 
the conditions existing in Rome before the 
fall of the Empire. 

If France at that time had been like 
Rome the power of the World, and the 

34 



The French Revolution 35 

surrounding countries inhabited by bar- 
barians, the probabilities are, the condi- 
tions following the fall of the Roman Em- 
pire would have been repeated. 

In the absence of barbarians to over- 
run the country, the common people of 
France, held together by the first law of 
nature, selfishness, or self preservation, 
either beheaded or banished the Aristoc- 
racy and the Royal family, and took pos- 
session of the land that the Creator had 
given to them; by so doing they simply 
restored stolen property to its lawful own- 
ers. While the combined military forces 
of Europe were able to restore the Mon- 
archy for a short time, yet the declaration 
of American independence had been made ; 
the fiat had gone forth "That all govern- 
ments derive their just powers from the 
consent of the governed, and all men are 



36 The French Revolution 

born equal, with certain inalienable rights; 
among these are life, liberty and freedom." 

Here we have four natural laws, four 
scientific laws, that the Creator made for 
the construction of the Universal Civili- 
zation, proclaimed to the world at one 

time. 



Recapitulation 



H Sufficient number of the witnesses 
have now been examined, let us sum 
up the evidence. The object, the 
reader will remember, is to prove by scien- 
tific and historical facts that the Earth was 
created for mankind, and the fruits of the 
Earth are the gift of the Creator to all, and 
thereby establish the correctness of the 
Theological foundation upon which to 
build the Universal and lasting Civiliza- 
tion of the future. 

Trade and the necessary implements 
of trade and travel, to-wit, transportation, 
means of communication and money, are 



38 Recapitulation 

built upon this foundation; they have wit- 
nessed the decay of nations and the fall 
of Empires; have overcome in their on- 
ward march many natural obstacles, and 
flourished in spite of the meddlesome legis- 
lation of ignorant legislators and rulers, 
and continue to increase in importance. 

On the other hand we have the fol- 
lowing witnesses : 

First — Slavery; Earth was created for 
slave owners; Abolished. 

Second — Roman Civilization, for a 
few; Fallen. 

Third — Protection from the wrath of 
God, or government by the church for the 
benefit of the Clergy; Buried with the 
dead past. 

Fourth — Feudalism; Earth was cre- 
ated for a few land owners; Abandoned. 



Recapitulation 39 

Fifth — An attempt to repeat Roman 
misgovernment by the Royal family and 
Aristocracy of France; Banished or be- 
headed. 

The silent but undeniable testimony 
of these witnesses, together with the scien- 
tific facts, the right to life, liberty, equali- 
ty, and freedom, which establish govern- 
ment of the people, conclusively proves 
that the Earth was not created for a few 
individuals, and also proves the correct- 
ness of the Theological Foundation that 
the Earth was created for mankind, and 
the fruits of the Earth are the gift of the 
Creator to all, and that is the foundation 
upon which is being constructed the Uni- 
versal Civilization of the future. 

At least the Author claims the case is 
won, and the foundation upon which to 



40 Recapitulation 

base the various columns for the support 
of the magnificent structure, the Univer- 
sal Civilization, is finally discovered. 



Diagram Showing Work 
So Far Accomplished 




u 



N the above diagram the circle rep- 
resents the Earth which is the 
limit of desires. 



41 



42 Explanation of Diagram 

F represents the force, which is the 
constant pressure of the selfish mainspring 
of human conduct on the common people. 

M represents the material, which is 
the peculiar construction of the Earth, con- 
taining or producing a surplus quantity of 
a few commodities in every locality. 

This force and material has construct- 
ed the first four columns of the Universal 
civilization as shown in the diagram, to- 
wit: No. 1, The right to life; No. 2, Liberty; 
No. 3, Equality; No. 4, Freedom, or the 
pursuit of hapiness. 

These four columns are based upon 
the proposition that the Earth was created 
for mankind; they represent the personal 
rights of man, and also establish govern- 
ment of the people, which is the only kind 
of governemnt that the Creator made any 
laws to establish or perpetuate. 



The Force and Material 



u 



BE foundation of the structure hav- 
ing been discovered, before pro- 
ceeding with the erection of the 
various columns necessary for its support 
and maintenance, it is advisable to exam- 
ine the force and material provided by the 
Creator for the construction of the build- 
ing. 

The immediate object is to establish 
the fact that things do not happen, that 
the movements of the various bodies com- 
posing the solar system, and likewise the 
action of man, and even the method that 
we adopt for the production of the fruits 
of the Earth were designed by the Creator. 

43 



44 The Force and ^Material 

With the aid and observation of other 
astronomers, Kepler, born in 1571, discov- 
ered the following natural or Divine laws : 

First — That the planets move in ellip- 
tical orbits, of which the snn occupies the 
focus. 

Second — That an imaginary line join- 
ing the snn and any planet moves over 
equal space in equal time. 

Third — That the square of the times 
of the revolutions of the planets are as 
the cubes of their mean distance from the 
sun. 

Afterwards, Newton, born in 1642, 
noticed that an apple falling from a tree 
always fell down instead of up or sideways, 
which led to his discovery of the law of the 
Attraction of Gravitation; that is, "That 



The Force and Material 45 

every portion of matter attracts every oth- 
er portion of matter, with a force directly 
proportional to the product of their mass- 
es, and indirectly proportional to the 
square of the distance between them. ' ' 

The discovery of this law established 
the fact that the various bodies composing 
the solar system were held in their orbits, 
as discovered by Kepler, by the same force 
that caused the apple to fall to the Earth. 

The reader will probably notice that 
these laws are somewhat complicated and 
beyond the comprehension of the common 
people, but it was the discovery of these 
laws, and other laws of nature, vy more 
properly speaking, other laws made by 
the Creator, and the diffusion of the knowl- 
edge or information resulting from their 
discovery, that led to the downfall of pro- 
tection from the wrath of God. 



46 The Force and Material 

That knowledge of this particular 
kind would lead to its downfall was well 
understood by the Clergy. 

In support of this assertion, Coper- 
nicus a famous astronomer of Poland, born 
in 1473, anticipated the discovery of the 
laws, which were afterwards discovered 
by Kepler and Newton, and published the 
same in 1543, for which he was promptly 
excommunicated by the Pope. 

At the present time, while we, the 
common people, do not understand the 
laws, yet we know that God never mani- 
fested any wrath; that he does not inter- 
fere with the affairs of mankind; and that 
the laws controlling the universe, controll- 
ing the solar system, also controlling the 
movements of the Earth, giving us summer 
and winter, seed time and harvest, also 
controlling the elements of the Earth, giv- 



The Force and Material 47 

ing us rain, snow and hail, sunshine and 
cloud, are made, fixed, and unchangeable 
and will so continue until the end of time. 

It has been shown that the Earth was 
created for mankind, and the fruits of the 
Earth are the gift of the Creator to all, 
which is the only foundation upon which 
to build the Universal Civilization, and 
now it is the contention of the Author that 
laws controlling the action or conduct of 
man, in connection with other laws con- 
trolling the production of the many and 
various commodities required to satisfy 
the desires, were also made, fixed and like- 
wise unchangeable which will cause uni- 
versal government of the people and also 
cause a condition of society or state civili- 
zation in which each and every one will 
have and enjoy an abundance of the neces- 
saries, and some more or less, acording to 



48 The Force and Material 

individual exertion and ability, of the 
pleasures and luxuries of life. 

These laws can only be compared to 
the law of the attraction of gravitation; 
they are natural or Divine laws made by 
the Creator, and will accomplish their pur- 
pose with the same undeviating certainty 
that the law of the attraction of Gravita- 
tion, discovered by Newton, holds the 
Earth in its orbit. 



The Force or Laws Con- 
trolling the Action 
of Man 



H CLOCK usually has two main- 
springs; one of them causes the 
hands to indicate the time, the oth- 
er one causes a small hammer to strike the 
hour. 

Likewise there are two mainsprings 
of all human conduct or action. 

One of the mainsprings of human ac- 
tion is Sympathy, which we will liken to 
the spring of the clock that causes the 
hammer to strike the hour. 

7 49 



50 The Force 

The other mainspring of human con- 
duct is often referred to as the first law 
of nature, self preservation, or in a word 
Selfishness, which we will liken to the 
spring of the clock that causes the hands 
to indicate the time. 

After the hour is struck the main- 
spring that causes it to strike remains in- 
active until the time comes for it to strike 
again; if the machinery should become 
disarranged so the hammer kept on strik- 
ing until the power of the spring was ex- 
hausted, we would send it to the jeweler 
for repairs. 

Likewise, the sympathetic mainspring 
of human conduct is not made to maintain 
continuous action. 

We are informed that some one is in 
great distress, immediately we rush to his 
assistance. 



The Force 51 

We are informed that the hot winds 
have destroyed the crops over a large ter- 
ritory; directly, the sympathetic main- 
spring is in action and we contribute car 
loads and train loads of the necessaries 
of life to relieve the distress. 

Again the morning papers announce 
that San Francisco is destroyed by an 
Earthquake and the people are in need of 
assistance. 

The Sympathetic mainspring flies into 
action and in a few days Three Hundred 
Thousand dollars in excess of the amount 
needed is freely contributed. 

On the other hand Uncle Tom's Cabin 
is published in 1851, depicting a somewhat 
magnified condition of the suffering and 
distress of the slaves in the south. 



52 The Force 

It is intended to act upon the Sym- 
pathetic mainspring of human conduct, 
but this was a case that required contin- 
uous effort, consequently there was no ac- 
tion of any great importance. 

Likewise the Prohibitionists have in 
their speeches and papers described the 
suffering and great distress of the drunk- 
ard's wife and children, but the election 
returns show they do not gain votes to any 
great extent, and what is accomplished 
in this connection is the result of the more 
selfish arguments and methods of the tem- 
perance League. 

On the same principle that the contin- 
ual use of the right arm of the blacksmith 
causes the development of the muscles of 
the arm, the improved methods of compl- 
ication and transportation of supplies to 
those in distress causing the more fre- 



The Force 53 

quent use of the sympathetic mainspring 
of human conduct, it is possible that it will 
also become of more importance. 

However, it is quite evident that sym- 
pathy was only intended to relieve imme- 
diate distress, therefore does not remove 
the cause. 

Selfishness, the other mainspring of 
human conduct is constructed to maintain 
continuous action. 

Newton saw the apple fall to the 
ground, it was a perfectly natural occur- 
rence, but it did not fall up or sideways; 
he believed there was a reason or force 
that caused it to fall to the ground; he 
afterwards proved that the same force 
that caused the apple to fall down was the 
force that held the Earth and other bodies 
composing the solar system in their orbits. 



54 The Force 

Likewise, yon observe the selfish child 
reach out and grab the largest apple; you 
reprove the action, but it is the same mo- 
tive, the same mainspring of human con- 
duct, that has given us the right to life, 
liberty, equality, and freedom. 

In 1861, Nine years after Uncle Tom's 
Cabin was published, the first shot of the 
war of the Eebellion was fired at Fort 
Sumpter; a call was issued by President 
Lincoln for Seventy-five Thousand volun- 
teers, not to free the slaves but to maintain 
the Union. 

This call was answered by many more 
than the required number; whole regi- 
ments were on the way in a few days. 

It was the selfish mainspring of human 
conduct in action to maintain the union, 
because it was necessary in order to per- 



The Force 55 

petuate government of the people, against 
the selfish motive of the slave owners of 
the south to perpetuate slavery, and even 
np to the time that the slaves were set 
free, as a war measure, another selfish mo- 
tive, it was an insnlt to the vast majority 
of the union soldiers to tell them they were 
fighting to free the slaves, which shows the 
small effect that Uncle Tom's Cabin and 
other sympathetic arguments had upon the 
people, and also shows that the war was 
fought on both sides from purely selfish 
motives. 

Lincoln's speech at Gettysburg con- 
firms every statement herein made, in re- 
gard to the war of the rebellion; this re- 
markable speech I will take the liberty of 
quoting in full: 

"Four score and seven years ago our 
Fathers brought forth on this continent 



56 The Force 

a new nation, conceived in liberty, and ded- 
icated to the proposition that all men are 
created equal. 

"Now we are engaged in a great civil 
Avar, testing whether that nation, or any 
nation, so conceived and so dedicated can 
long endure. 

' i We are met on a great battle field of 
that war. 

"We have come to dedicate a portion 
of that field as a final resting place for 
those who here gave their lives that that 
nation might live. 

"It is altogether fitting and proper 
that we should do this, but in a larger sense 
we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, 
we cannot hallow this ground. 

"The brave men, living and dead, who 
struggled here, have consecrated it far 



The Force 57 

above our poor power to add or detract. 

"The world will little note nor long 
remember what we say here, but it can 
never forget what they did here. 

"It is for us the living, rather to be 
dedicated here to the unfinished work 
which they who fought here have thus so 
nobly advanced. 

"It is rather for us to be here dedi- 
cated to the great task remaining before 
us; that from these honored dead we take 
increased devotion to that cause for which 
they gave the last full measure of devotion; 
that we here highly resolve that these 
dead shall have not died in vain, that this 
nation, under God, shall have a new birth 
of freedom, and that government of the 
people, by the people, for the people, shall 
not perish from the Earth. " 



58 The Force 

If the reader will now turn to the 
declaration of American independence, the 
most eloquent appeal ever written to enlist 
the support of any people, in any cause, he 
will find Twenty-Seven reasons given to 
justify their action, only one, the last one, 
exactly in the right place, is intended to 
act upon the sympathetic mainspring of 
human conduct, while the other Twenty- 
six were intended to act and did act upon 
the selfish mainspring with force that 
Great Britain could not conquer, partly 
because the eloquence of the selfish appeal 
gave us the support of the French people, 
and many of the leading men of England. 

The meaning of the word SELFISH- 
NESS, as herein used, can now be easily 
understood. 

The declaration of independence was 
made, and the war of the revolution fought, 



The Force 59 

as all the world knows, in order to estab- 
lish government of the people, in other 
words, quoting from the declaration of in- 
dependence : 

"We hold these truths to be self evi- 
dent; that all men are created equal; that 
they are endowed by their Creator with 
certain inalienable rights; that among 
these are life, liberty and freedom. 

"That to secure these rights, gov- 
ernments are instituted among men, de- 
riving their just powers from the consent 
of the governed". 

Quoting again from Lincoln's speech: 
"We have come to dedicate a portion of 
that field as a final resting place for those 
who gave their lives that that nation 
might live, — and that government of the 
people, by the people, for the people, shall 
not perish from the Earth.' ' 



60 The Force 

I have now produced the highest au- 
thority in all history, the declaration of 
American independence, and Lincoln's 
speech at Gettysburg, to prove that the 
war of the revolution was fought to estab- 
lish and trasmit to future generations the 
personal rights of mankind, and the war 
of the rebellion was fought that those 
rights, or that government of the people, 
by the people, for the people shall not per- 
ish from the Earth. 

It being an admitted fact that the mo- 
tives of all human conduct are either sym- 
pathy or selfishness, then the same motive 
that caused the selfish child to reach out 
and grab the largest apple is the motive 
or force that causes the advance of civili- 
zation, and will eventually construct the 
various columns necessary for the support 
and maintenance of the Universal Civili- 
zation of the future. 



The Force 61 

The laws controlling the action of man 
are supposed to be more complex than 
other natural laws. 

It is now the hope of the Author that 
it has been shown to the entire satisfac- 
tion of the reader, that the constant pres- 
sure of the selfish mainspring of human 
conduct, on the common people, is the force 
or natural law, that compels us to act ; has 
lifted us out of barbarism, ignorance, and 
superstition ; given us the undisputed right 
to life, liberty, equality and freedom; and 
caused the present state of civilization. 

It is the contention of the Author — 
see page 47 — that laws controlling the ac- 
tion of man were made fixed and unchange- 
able and etc.; this being the law controll- 
ing the action of man then it is not com- 
plex, in fact any law provided by the Cre- 
ator, pertaining solely to mankind and the 



62 The Force 

Earth, must necessarily be simple and eas- 
ily understood, in order tliat it may be dis- 
covered and applied by the common people. 

Those at the top, it should be remem- 
bered, always seek to maintain existing 
conditions and permit the adyance of civ- 
ilization, only to prevent revolution, and 
they often fail to act in time to accomplish 
that. 

Comparing this law controlling the 
action of man with the laws controlling 
the movements of the planets discovered 
by Kepler, and the law of the Attraction 
of Gravitation discovered by Newton, we 
can easily see the difference between the 
laws that were only necessary for astron- 
omers, and those that are necessary for the 
common people to understand. 



The only reason I am able to give why 



The Force 63 

this law has not been discovered is — be- 
cause it is so very simple. 

The many and complex questions, and 
actions of individuals, groups, and parties, 
may have caused the great thinkers and 
writers to overlook the law that lay on 
the surface, and seek for its discovery in 
other places. 

Or possibly they may have decided 
that things just happen so far as man is 
concerned, and the Creator made no law 
controlling his action. 

However, this is the law that the Au- 
thor contends controls the action of man, 
and the constant pressure of the selfish 
mainspring of human conduct on the com- 
mon people is the cause of the advance of 
civilization. 



The Material 



u 



T is now advisable to establish an 
important fact that may not be 
generally known, except by farm- 
ers, concerning the production of the fruits 
of the Earth, all of which, it has been 
shown, are necessary to satisfy the desires. 

The Author, being an ordinary Illi- 
nois farmer, does not have a very lively 
imagination, but it sometimes seems that 
the desires might have been somewhat 
restricted, without any great detriment to 
the happiness of man, and all things nec- 
essary to satisfy them placed in a much 
smaller territory, for instance, ten miles 
square; there would be no desire to travel 
because there would be nothing new to see. 

64 



The Material 65 

Every ten miles square being exactly 
alike, would be rather monotonous, but it 
would save the construction of railroads, 
canals, and other means of transportation 
and travel. 

Altogether everything taken into con- 
sideration such an Earth would save a 
lot of hard work, and might be an ideal 
place to live in; every thing would be on 
a dead level, and no desire or possibility 
for improvement. 

However, the Earth we have to deal 
with was not made on that plan; in fact 
it evidently was made on exactly the oppo- 
site plan. 

The coal, iron, gas, oil, copper and 
other minerals are found in large quanti- 
ties, often in almost inaccessible places; 
much larger quantities, in fact, than any 

9 



66 The Material 

possible population can consume in the 
immediate vicinity; also experience has 
shown that the Earth is a specialist in the 
production of almost every commodity. 

While the soil and climate of any lo- 
cality will prouce a great variety of pro- 
ducts, yet only a few commodities can be 
produced in any locality with regularity 
and great abundance. 

Some of the products of agriculture, 
for instance corn and cotton, are produced 
in surplus quantities on strips of land call- 
ed belts, extending across the country 
East and West. 

Wheat, including both varieties, win- 
ter and spring, is grown over a much larger 
territory than corn or cotton. 

Potatoes, from some reason, probably 
more on acount of the soil than the climate, 



The Material 67 

are produced in large quantities in one 
county of a state, or possibly in parts of 
several counties. 

Other products of agriculture, rice, a 
very important commodity, in fact fur- 
nishing the principal article of diet of 
more people than any other one product of 
the soil, requires a steady hot climate for 
two or three months, and a subsoil that will 
hold water; as it has to be grown in water 
from one to three inches deep, it is neces- 
sary to have an abundance that can be pro- 
cured at reasonable cost. 

The different varieties of fruits are 
grown more or less all over our country, 
but the surplus supply that furnishes the 
markets, like all other supplies that furnish 
the markets with the necessaries of life, is 
grown by specialists, on soil and under cli- 



68 The Material 

matic conditions that seem to have been 
made for that especial purpose. 

It is this very important fact that I 
wish to impress upon the reader, to-wit, 
THAT THE EAETH CONTAINS OE 
PRODUCES A SURPLUS QUANTITY 
OF A FEW COMMODITIES IN EVERY 
LOCALITY. 

Therefore, it follows, if there is hun- 
ger, starvation or famine, it is man's folly 
and not the fault of the Creator. 

Ours is a large country over which 
there is absolute freedom of trade; conse- 
quently we adopt the surplus method of 
production, which causes our immense do- 
mestic trade; but the small country, with 
the less variety of soil and climate, must 
necessarily abandon this method. 



The Materia! 69 

A most convincing example, confirm- 
ing the correctness of tlie theory here ad- 
vanced, has just come under my observa- 
tion; not only observation but actual ex- 
perience. 

We, that is the Author and his broth- 
er William, he always insisting on arous- 
ing the family at half past four in the 
morning, and I insisting on working in the 
fields until sundown, when the chores were 
done, wasted very little time. 

After thirty years of this kind of work 
we had a little money ahead ; in order to be 
sure and save it from the predatory trusts, 
corporations and bloated millionaires, we 
went down to the Grand Prairie of Arkan- 
sas and bought a piece of land. 

We knew all about drainage and 
wanted a piece of flat land that could be 



70 The Maierial 

drained without an expensive ditch for an 

outlet. 

We found exactly what we wanted, 
and for a fact it was a "peach" of a farm. 

The surrounding country was fair to 
look upon and seemed to be prosperous. 
There were nice large houses and barns, 
and most of them newly painted, so we 
proceeded to build as well if not better 
than the rest of them. 

Then we tile-drained eighty acres for 
a beginning. 

After several years of experience, 
we were convinced that, while it would 
grow a great many things, just as the land 
agent said it would, yet we could not make 
it grow enough of anything to support the 
family and pay the taxes; and there was 
quite a patch of it. 



The Material 71 

The principal crop was oats, sown in 
the fall, September or October, but it was 
usually so dry at that time of year that 
they failed to come up; if they did com^ 
up and stood the cold rains of winter, it 
was so wet and sultry at harvest time that 
it was almost impossible to harvest and 
thrash the crop; so we found it to be a 
country without either seed time or har- 
vest. 

Then we tried corn and soon found 
that it would take a man to only a few 
acres to keep the crab grass from smother- 
ing it out. 

As to live stock — first we had the buf- 
falo gnats early in the spring; then the 
green heads; next came the black flies and 
mosquitos in sworms; and finally the 
bone picker, a large black fly that comes 
late in the fall; it derives its name from 



i 2 The Material 

the fad thai there is nol much left of live 
slock- by thai time except the bones. 

it was plain to us under the circum 

stances thai it was not intended lor a stock- 
count ry. 

After several years, as it was getting 
rather monotonous to send money from 
our Illinois farm to pay Arkansas taxes, 
and having by this time lost confidence in 
(ho agenl that sold us the land, we asked 

another land agenl to tell us plainly what 
t he land was good Tor. 

Said he, 44 I was born here, lived here 
all my lite, am now over sixty and know 
exactly what this land is good lor and can 
tell you just what to do; the only way to 
make a living here is to (ait Prairie grass 

and make hay; so far as the land is con 

cerned, it is good to skin northern suck 
ers." 



The Material 

"Now" said he, "you go and fix up 
your fences and gates, and painl the build 
inge bo they will look like yon are makii 
money, and I will sell it for you to another 
northern sucker and you will be out." 

That was surely an eye opener; then 
it was that we discovered that all the ne 
ly painted bouses were for sale or occupied 
by new comers. 

About this time a man by the name 
of Fuller, a rice grower from farther south, 
drilled a well, found plenty of water, and 
put in a crop of rice. Ee harvested about 
eighty bushels to the acre. 

Pour years experience has shown thai 

the land that was good for nothing except 

to grow prairie and skin northern 

suckers, will produce on an a e from 

:ty to eighty bushels of rice per acre, and 

10 



74 The Material 

the rice as it comes from the thresher is 
worth about a dollar per bushel. 

From absolutely nothing in two years, 
the rice industry in one county has grown 
to over three hundred thousand bushels. 

Under these conditions instead of fix- 
ing up the fences and painting the build- 
ings, we put in a rice plant. In the fall 
after the first days threshing the Author 
was inspired to write a poem. 

THE BICE OF AEKANSAW. 

The rosy light of dawn appears, 
The Hoot owl cries "who awe, who awe/' 
The rice birds sing in chorus gay 
Way down in Arkansaw. 

The crow flies o'er the ripening fields 
And cries his kaw, kaw, kaw, 
I see, says he, some rice is ripe 
Way down in Arkansaw. 



The Material 75 

The engine hums a merry tune, 
The thresher, calls for straw, more straw; 
The rice rolls out in golden streams 
Way down in Arkansaw. 

The farmer wears a happy smile, 
In glee he laughs ha ha, haw haw; 
It seems we '11 have some dollars yet 
Way down in Arkansaw. 

My folks up north are smiling too, 
The boys cheer hurrah, hurrah; 
This letter brings a check for us 
From far off Arkansaw. 

Go bear this challenge far and wide 
And blaw your bugles, blaw; 
I dare you find a spot on Earth 
That beats the rice of Arkansaw. 



76 The Material 

The first settlement was made on this 
land in 1685 at Arkansas* Post; most of it 
has changed ownership so many times that 
the shortest possible abstract of title makes 
a book. 

Millions of dollars have been lost by 
the settlers trying to make a living and 
find out what the Grand Prairie of Arkan- 
sas was good for. 

It has taken about two hundred and 
twenty years to find that it was made to 
grow rice. 

Now since the discovery, it is easy to 
see that it was intended for irrigation. 

The subsoil about two feet below the 
surface holds water like a dish. I might 
add that it holds it from coming up as well 
as going down; farmers will know what 
that means in a hot climate. 

♦Spelled Arkansas, pronounced Arkansaw. 



The Material 



/ 1 



Up to the present time we have found 
an abundance of water in less than two 
hundred feet, and there is a seed time and 
harvest for rice. 

This is an extreme case, both in the 
length of time and treasure required to 
unravel the hidden mysteries of nature, 
in other words, to discover the unchange- 
able laws of the Creator, that ought to 
have been plain to any ordinary observer 
with very little exertion of the brain. 

It seems it was intended that man 
should see, think, and then act; if he fails 
to do this he does not discover the law and 
gets into trouble. 

In a few years the farmers of the 
Grand Prairie, like the farmers of the corn 
belt, cotton belt, fruit belt, potato patches 
etc, will produce the surplus product, the 



78 The Material 

crop that yields the greatest return with 
the least labor, the crop that pays best, 
which is rice. 

While it is entirely unnecessary and 
may possibly distract the attention of the 
reader, yet if yon contemplate buying land 
and the Aa'ent tells you it will grow any 
thing you plant, be careful; the Earth was 
not made on that plan. 

If all the newly painted houses are for 
sale, or occupied by new comers, remember 
there are predatory land agents as well as 
predatory trusts. 

If you get into trouble you may live 
to get out, like I did, or it may take two 
hundred and twenty years. 

The force and material have now been 
examined; the material is the peculiar 
construction of the Earth containing or 



The Material 79 

producing a surplus of a few commodities 
in every locality, in a word, the SURPLUS. 

The force, as before stated, is the con- 
stant pressure of the selfish mainspring of 
human conduct on the common people, in a 
word, selfishness. 

The force, or SELFISHNESS, causes 
the advance of civilization, while the SUE- 
PLUS causes trade and travel which will 
make it universal. 




Recapitulation 

HE Author hopes that the following 
scientific facts have been estab- 
lished. 



First — That the Earth was created for 
mankind. 

Second — That all men have the right to 
life. 

Third — That all men have the right to 
liberty. 

Fourth — That all men are created equal. 

Fifth — That all men have the right to 
freedom. 

80 



Recapitulation S 1 

Sixth — That the desires of man are only 
limited by the fruits of the Earth. 

Seventh — That selfishness is the prime mo- 
tive of human conduct. 

Eighth — That the earth produces or con- 
tains a surplus of a few commodities 
in every locality. 

Since the beginning of the present civ- 
ilization, the principal object has been to 
discover and establish the personal rights 
of mankind. The results in our own coun- 
try are stated in the above established 
facts numbered. Second, Third, Fourth and 
Fifth. 

These facts simply amount to the dis- 
covery and application of that number of 
natural or divine laws which establish 

government of the people. 

11 



82 Recapitulation 

The maintenance and perpetuation of 
those laws is absolutely necessary; First 
in order to continue the present state of 
civilization, and Second; in order to at- 
tain the higher and universal civilization 
of the future. 

Day after day, year after year, cen- 
tury after century, the irrestible force of 
the constant pressure of the selfish main- 
spring of human conduct on the common 
people has met and overcome the selfish- 
ness of those at the top (who have always 
opposed the progress of civilization) and 
have transmitted to us the undisputed 
right to life, liberty, equality, and free- 
dom ; they are the first four columns of the 
Universal Civilization; they are plainly 
based upon the proposition that the Earth 
was created for mankind. They have 
been placed upon the lasting foundation 



Recapitulation 83 

by the pike and the sword, by the cannon 
and the musket, by the carnage of war and 
the tortures of the inquisition, by the 
blood of the martyrs and the heroes of a 
thousand battles; they represent the most 
valuable inheritance of those now living 
from those who have gone before; and 
make it possible for us and our posterity 
to continue the work and complete the 
structure, in a less barbarous and more 
civilized manner, simply by the force of 
public opinion expressed by the ballot. 

Let us then lay away the implements 
of war, death, and destruction, and never 
bring them forth again except in defense 
of our sacred inheritance, the right to life, 
liberty, equality, and freedom. These 
have been won by the sword and it is in 
their defense alone that we are justified 
in ever again withdrawing it from the 
scabbard. 



84 Recapitulation 

With the exception of the freedom of 
trade, which is a personal right of man- 
kind, and almost made compulsory, if we 
wish to enjoy the fruits of the Earth by 
the surplus method of production, the 
question from now on is not a question of 
liberty or personal rights, at least in our 
own country, but it is a question of prop- 
erty or the right of mankind to the fruits 
of the Earth. 

When the Creator said: — Genesis 8:22 
- — " While the Earth remaineth, seedtime 
and harvest, and cold and heat, and sum- 
mer and winter, and day and night shall 
not cease," He knew that the law of the 
attraction of gravitation was in full force 
and effect and would so contine for all 
time. 

With the same confidence he says: — 
Genesis 9:3 — "Even as the green herb 



Recapitulation 85 

have I given you all things." He also 
knew that he had made the laws that 
would carry out that intention. 

He had made the desires of man only 
limited by the fruits of the Earth. 

He had made the Earth to contain or 
produce the surplus and he had made the 
selfish mainspring of human conduct, the 
combined action of which has (I make 
this assertion without the least fear of 
successful contradiction) produced the 
present state of civilization. 

To give security to the work so far 
accomplished and carry out the intention, 
"Even as the green herb have I given you 
all things," other columns are yet to be 
constructed, by the same force and mater- 
ial that has done the work so far accom- 
plished, and will eventually complete the 
construction of the Universal Civilization. 



86 Recapitulation 

It is not the intention of the Author 
to look for a needle in a hay stack or pre- 
sent any long winded theories. 

The only object is to discover the 
natural laws or institutions necessary to 
maintain government of the people and at 
the same time carry out the intention of 
the Creator, that mankind should have and 
enjoy the fruits of the Earth; these laws 
were made for the common people, con- 
sequently they are simple and easily un- 
derstood, not the least complicated, when 
discovered and applied; will not need any 
government control or tinkering of any 
kind. 



Diagram Showing 
Construction of 
the Fifth Column 




Private Ownership of the Earth and 
Business 



87 



S8 Private Ownership 




He private ownership of the land in 
large tracts causes inequality, 
helps to support the Aristocracy 
and the kingdom; in small tracts, large 
enough to insure economical production, 
prevents the unequal distribution of 
wealth and power and helps to support 
government of the people. The business 
of trade which is a very important part 
of the gift of the Creator to mankind 
should also be limited to the amount neces- 
sary for the economical distribution of the 
product. 



CONSTRUCTION OF FIFTH COLUMN 



The Private Ownership 

of the Land and 

Business 



m 



LL movements resulting in the pro- 
gress of civilization, from barbar- 
ism to the present time, have orig- 
inated and been fought out by the common 
people. 

As it has been in the past so will it 
continue to be in the future, except the lea- 
ders of the future will very probably be the 
farmers. 

There are two good reasons why this 
expectation should be realized, 

12 89 



90 Private Ownership 

First — The free rural delivery of the 
mails will greatly facilitate and increase 
the diffusion of knowledge among the far- 
mers, which will cause them to take a more 
active and intelligent interest in public af- 
fairs; in addition to this the rural tele- 
phone furnishes means of instant commun- 
ication with each other, thereby knitting 
them more closely together and obliterat- 
ing the jangles and jealousies of the past. 

Second — In the olden times, before 
the use of complicated machinery became 
universal, those engaged in manufacture 
had time to think, but now the working- 
men engaged in every industry except 
farming must give their undivided atten- 
tion to their work, a little slip of the mem- 
ory would probably result in death or per- 
manent disability, or in some occupations, 
disaster, causing the death and injury of 
many innocent people, and great financial 
loss. 



Private Ownership 91 

With the farmer it is different; after 
the team is hitched to the plow, he throws 
the lines over his back and is at once in- 
spired to think. 

At least the Author can say truly that 
it was the plow handle that inspired him 
to write this book. 

Long years ago, the plan of the book, 
the only foundation upon which to build 
the Universal Civilization, and the col- 
umns or institutions necessary to maintain 
the structure and carry out the intention 
of the Creator that all mankind should 
have and enjoy the fruits of the Earth, 
were derived from the inspiration of the 
plow handle. 

After forty years of working and 
thinking on the farm, doing all kinds of 
work, anything that every farmer does, 



92 Private Ownership 

from a renter to a land owner, it is my hon- 
est conviction, that thinking is no disad- 
vantage to a farmer, either financially, 
bodily or mentally. 

It soon becomes a pleasure to think; 
the hard and disagreeable job is done be- 
fore yon know it ; the long hot day in har- 
vest passes over like a summer cloud ;the 
long lonesome ride in the drizzling rain and 
mud is finished and you do not notice that 
it is disagreeable. 

It is not always essential to the farm- 
ers best interest to think about making 
money; on our shoulders in a great meas- 
ure rests government of the people, and up- 
on its maintenance depends the onward 
march of civilization. 

The ownership of the land and rent 
has been discussed at great length, by var- 



Private Ownership 93 

ions writers on Political Economy, with- 
out arriving, so far as known to the Au- 
thor or the common people in general, at 
any definite conclusion. 

While it is known that certain laws 
and institutions in regard to the ownership 
of the land are necessary in order to main- 
tain the Aristocracy and the kingdom, the 
Autocracy and the Czar, yet it has not so 
far been discovered, what Is necessary in 
this respect to maintain government of the 
people. 

As we now know positively that the 
right to life, liberty, equality, and freedom 
established government of the people, we 
may be equally positive that the law was 
made in regard to the private ownership 
of the Earth that will maintain that sys- 
tem of government. 



p4 Private Ownership 

If the Author fails to discover this 
law, some one will discover it either before 
or after it is applied; then it will be evi- 
dent that it does its work with the same 
precision as the law of gravitation holds 
the Earth in its orbit either discovered or 
undiscovered. 

Copernicus, it will be remembered, 
failed to discover the law of gravitation, 
but his failure did not affect the law one 
way or the other. 

We, the two of us who had the exper- 
ience with the predatory land agents in 
Arkansas, happen to be the fortunate own- 
ers of two farms, one of them Illinois corn 
land, the other Arkansas rice land, over 
Twelve Hundred acres in all. 

The question arises. Can it be possi- 
ble that this land was created for us ? 



Private Ownership 05 

Surely not, is the only answer. 

A deed may, on its face, convey the 
land to an individual, his heirs and as- 
signs, for all time, but in reality it only 
conveys the right to farm or develop the 
land's resources, for the benefit of man- 
kind, during good behavior. 

The farmer's prosperity and ability to 
make a living and pay the taxes depend en- 
tirely upon their success in making the 
farm produce the greatest possible return. 

The selfish mainspring of human con- 
duct compels us to divide the production 
of farm products according to the soil and 
climate, the farmer of each locality confin- 
ing their labor and capital to the produc- 
tion of the crop or commodity, or rotation 
of crops, that yields the greatest return; in 
other words, selfishness compels us to pro- 
duce the surplus. 



°>6 Private Ownership 

We, the farmers, have no combination^ 
to restrict production, to hire our labor for 
less than it is worth, or to sell our products 
for more than they are worth. 

We have for many years submitted to 
the injustice of tariff taxes, levied for the 
sole benefit of the predatory trusts and 
corporations, and yet dispose of our own 
products under the competitive system, not 
only competing with each other, but also, 
as will hereinafter be shown, competing 
with the farmers of the whole world,. 

Under this system the demand and 
supply fixes the price; the individual own- 
er has little to say; whether he says little 
or much, his influence on the market price 
is as a drop of water compared to the 
ocean. 



The correctness of this reasoning be- 



Private Ownership 9 7 

ing indisputable, then it follows that man- 
kind is not injured by the private owner- 
ship of land in small tracts. The selfish 
mainspring, as provided by the Creator, 
compels us to produce the surplus; when 
the day comes that we have to sell it, we 
discover that we are only working for man- 
kind. 

The law of competition, which is the 
only law provided by the Creator for the 
transaction of business by the individual, 
overcomes the inequality of the private 
ownership and provides the fruits of the 
Earth, under the surplus method of pro- 
duction, in the largest quantities, at the 
lowest prices, or least exertion. 

We are now seeking for the law per- 
taining to the ownership of the Earth 
which will perpetuate, or at least help to 

13 



98 Private Ownership 

maintain, government of the people and. 
at the same, time carry out the intention of 
the Creator: "Even as the green herb 
have I given yon all things. " 

The indvidnal ownership of the Earth 
perpetually limited to small tracts, suffi- 
ciently large, however, to insure the eco- 
nomical production of the various com- 
modities to satisfy the desires, evidently 
fulfils both requirements as above stated, 
consequently, is the natural law, or the law 
provided by the Creator, for the private 
ownership of the soil whereby mankind 
should have and enjoy the fruits of the 
Earth. 

Another law, as before stated, that 
modifies the seeming inequity of the pri- 
vate ownership of the land is competition, 
which will be hereafter considered. 



Private Ownership 99 

The ownership of the land gives sta- 
bility to the government; in small tracts to 
government of the people, and perpetuates 
liberty; in large tracts to Monarchy, and 
temporarily upholds that system of gov- 
ernment which must inevitably fall for the 
simple reason that the Creator made no 
laws either to establish or perpetuate it. 

The safety of government of the peo- 
ple depends in a great measure upon the 
distribution of wealth; therefore, the 
greater the number of individuals who 
have homes, farms, and business of their 
own the better it is for all. 

Tenant farmers may be very good citi- 
zens, but it is contrary to their welfare 
and to the welfare of mankind in general 
for the land to be owned in large tracts, 
and is especially dangerous to government 



100 Private Ownership 

of the people; therefore, cannot be toler- 
ated. 

In regard to the amount of land that 
one individual should be allowed to own in 
any locality, the size of the surrounding 
farms, or the size of farms occupied by ten- 
ants, would be an excellent guide to estab- 
lish the proper amount of land for one to 
own in that locality to insure economical 
production. 

When it is discovered that an individ- 
ual owns enough to make two or more such 
farms, all of them but one, after due notice, 
giving the owner sufficient time to sell or 
dispose of it at private sale — he failing to 
do this — should be sold at public auction. 
At the present time there might be some 
injustice in this proceeding, but under the 
law provided for the ownership and opera- 
tion of the Public Utilities, which will first 



Private Ownership 101 

be in full force and effect, there will be no 
object in holding large tracts of land and 
there will be no injustice in using force to 
prevent it. (See Ninth Column.) 

This being the natural or scientific law 
provided by the creator applying to the 
ownership of farm lands, it also applies to 
the ownership of city lots, timber lands, 
coal, iron, and other mineral lands. The 
deeds to those lands are no better than the 
deeds to our farms and all the owner 
should really own is the improvements and 
the right to use the property for the benefit 
of mankind. 

The only way to accomplish this is to 
limit the mine or land of whatever des- 
cription to the amount necessary to insure 
economical production ; then all of the bus- 
iness of production will be carried on or 
transacted under the competitive system, 



102 Private Ownership 

the same as farming, without government 
interference or regulation of any kind. 

The business of trade, almost made 
compulsory by the surplus plan of produc- 
tion, should also be limited to the amount 
necessary to insure the economical distri- 
bution of the product. 

The Creator made the Earth to pro- 
duce the surplus. He evidently knew that 
it would cause trade; consequently, trade 
is a very important part of the gift of the 
Creator to mankind. It is no injustice, 
only restoring stolen property, to prevent 
monopoly in the ownership either of the 
Earth or Trade. 

A word to the wise ought to be suffi- 
cient. Monopolist, read up on the causes 
that led to the French revolution. 



Private Ownership 103 

The only tiling not yet considered per- 
taining to the construction of this column 
is the falling waters. 

After the coal, gas and oil are exhaust- 
ed it will be found that the force of falling 
water, for the generation and diffusion of 
power and heat, is the most valuable single 
gift of the Creator to man. 

In order to prevent the possible mon- 
opolizing of this gift it would seem advis- 
able to prevent its private ownership and 
allow water rights to be held only under 
lease from the government. 

While coal, gas, and oil are found in 
large quantities, yet the supply is not in- 
exhaustible and there are no provisions of 
nature, so far as known, to replenish the 
supply. 

However, there are natural provisions 
made to perpetuate the same amount of 



104 Private Ownership 

water; consequently, the streams will al- 
ways continue to flow and tlie force of fall- 
ing water will continue for all time for 
light, heat, and all purposes where power 
is required. 

The object of the Author, as previous- 
ly stated, is to discover the laws provided 
by the Creator for the maintenance and 
perpetuation of government of the people 
and at the same time carry out his inten- 
tion that mankind should have and enjoy 
the fruits of the Earth. 

To limit the private ownership of the 
Earth to the amount necessary for econom- 
ical production, and also limit the owner- 
ship of the business of distribution to the 
amount necessary for its economic trans- 
action, evidently fulfills both requirements 
that is, helps to perpetuate government of 
the people, and also provides the fruits of 



Private Ownership 105 

the Earth in the largest quantities at the 
lowest price, or the least exertion. 

This, the Fifth column of the Univer- 
sal Civilization, is in course of construc- 
tion in all countries, and the selfish main- 
spring of human conduct may be depended 
upon to complete the work. 



14 



Diagram Showing 
Construction of 
the Sixth Column 




Competition 

106 



Competition 107 



i 



OMPETITION is the only law pro- 
vided by the Creator for the trans- 
action of business by individuals; 
it is intended to overcome the inequality of 
the private ownership of the Earth and 
business, and provide the fruits of the 
Earth to all at the lowest price, or least 
exertion. 



CONSTRUCTION OF SIXTH COLUMN 



m 



Competition 

EOBABLY The best place to get a 
fair understanding of Universal 
Competition would be a visit to 
the the Board of Trade in Chicago. 

In the smoking room we find several 
large blackboards covered with figures. It 
would be monotonous and unnecessary to 
give a copy of all we see; only a few figures 
from one or two of the boards will be suffi- 
cient for our purpose: 

Foreign Markets. 
English country markets . . Easier 
French country markets . . . Weak 

108 



Competition 109 

Liverpool Off Coast Cargoes. 

Wheat Quiet 

Corn Easy 

London. 

Wheat Easy 

Corn Quiet 

Liverpool rec'd, 3 days, wheat 352,000; 
last report 368,000. 

American Wheat 208,000; last report 
136,000. 

American Corn 203,000; last report 
56,000. 

Liverpool in Store. 
Wheat 2,584,000; last report 2,744,000. 
Corn 902,000 ; last report 975,000. 
Feb. 9, 1908. 

Liverpool Spot Wheat 8-12 

No. 2 red 8-3 

Northern 8-52 

Laplatta 8-3 x /2 

Corn American 5-62 

Laplatta 5-9 

Flour, 1st Spring Patent 30-6 



110 Competition 

Liverpool Bacon. 

Short Clear Sides 481 

Cumberland Cut 441 

Hams, American Cut 46,16 

Lard Eefined 48,16 

Antwerp. 

Eed Winter Wheat Afloat 23,25 

Laplatta Wheat Afloat 22,25 

Liverpool Future Markets. 

Wheat— March 7VA 

Wheat— May 71% 

Corn — March 5-5% 

Corn — May 5-5% 

Imports Into United Kingdom. 
Wheat, 1,848,000; Previous report 2,432,000 
Flour, 150,000 ; Previous report 104,000 
Corn, 1,032,000; Previous report 1,734,000 

This is only a fair sample of the for- 
eign market conditions wired from all over 
the world every morning. 

On another large board is shown the 
temperature and rainfall in every locality 



Competition HI 

all over the United States and Canada, for 
the last twenty-four hours. 

On another board is shown the closing 
prices of the day before, also the amount 
of the various commodities in sight, in 
store, and afloat compared with the same 
day the week before and the same day last 
year. 

In addition to the blackboards covered 
with market news and statistics, there are 
several instruments, called tickers, print- 
ing long strips of news, a sample of which 
follows : 

Total Canadian Visible. 

Wheat today 19,641,000 

Year ago 15,950,000 

Increase 3,691,000 

United States Visible. 

Wheat today 53,505,000 

Year ago 47,940,000 

Increase 5,565,000 



it 

tt 



tt 
tt 



112 Competition 

Total American Visible. 
Wheat today 73,096,000 



i i 



Year ago 63,890,000 

Increase 9,206,000 

Corn today 12,421,000 

" Year ago 14,851,000 

Decrease 2,430,000 



. . 



a 



Total European Visible. 

Wheat today 66,100,000 

" Year ago 80,600,000 

Decrease 14,500,000 



i i 



Feb. 9th, 1908. Total World's Visible. 

Wheat today 139,196,000 

Year ago 144,490,000 

Decrease 5,294,000 



i i 



i i 



Estimates for Tomorrow. 
Wheat 28 ears — Corn 164 cars — Oats 
125 cars. Hogs 36,000— Cattle 31,000— 
Sheep 15,000. 



Competition 113 

Total Clearances. 
Wheat today 90,920; Year ago 31,000 
Corn today 382,000; Year ago 139,451 
Oats today 12; Year ago None 
Flour today 40,451 Bbls. Year ago 8,677 
Wheat & Flour 272,149 Bu. Year ago 70,447 

Outside Markets. 

N. Y. May Wheat $1.14% 

St. L. May Wheat 1.08% 

Kan. City May Wheat 1.02% 

Minneapolis May Wheat 1.09 3 /4 

Duluth May Wheat 1.09% 

Winnipeg May Wheat 1.05% 

Minneapolis Market. 
D. F. Johnson of Mpls, wires Shearson 
-Hammill: Blizzard all over North West; 
country receipts very light and terminal 
receipts small; stocks decrease 25,000, for 
three days. 

Mills report good domestic flour sales 
for the present; this market will be govern- 

15 



114 Competitio7i 

ed by Chicago May; for a long pull we 
look to see a strong legitimate situation in 
the North West. 

Argentine Wheat. 
New York wires, Argentine wheat 
shipments to Antwerp, Feb. and March, 
2 1-2 higher than yesterday. 

Feb. 9th, 1908. Grain Markets Summary 

Wheat market has shown a fairly firm 
tone this morning, gaining about 1-2 cent, 
with best buying in July. May has lost 
the advance on continual selling by Pat- 
ten house. 

Labor strike reported at Eosario, Ar- 
gentine. Further reduction in estimate of 
exportable surplus. 

Strength in Antwerp market which is 
up 1 1-4 on spot and 2 1-2 on forward ship- 
ment. 



Competition 115 

Cold weather in Kansas with little or 
no snow has been the factor causing steady 
tone here. 

Liverpool 1-2 to 5-8 lower early, but 
only an eighth lower at close. 

World's visible was a little bearish, 
increase being 3,415,000 for the week, 
against an increase of 2,106,000 last year. 

Total world's visible 5,300,000 under 
last year. 

Eoumania — There has been a general 
fall of snow and the outlook for the wheat 
crop is satisfactory. 

Bulgaria, Italy, Spain — The outlook 
for the crop continues favorable. 

Argentine — There are continuous com- 
plaints of disappointing threshing returns. 

North Africa — The outlook for the 
crop continues fair. 



116 Competition 

Berlin Market. 

Broomliall cables — Offerings in this 
market are slightly higher, with demand 
quiet, owing to expected heavy receipts. 

Antwerp cables — That there is a good 
demand for Laplatta wheat afloat, which 
is quoted at 5-8 advance. 

Weekly Foreign Crop Conditions. 
Broomliall cables — Crop conditions for 
week are as follows: 

United Kingdom — the weather and the 
crop outlook continue favorable; supplies 
smaller; holders are firm. 

France — The outlook for the crop con- 
tinues favorable; surplus somewhat larger; 
market firm under a good demand. 

Germany — Weather favorable being 
colder with an abundance of snow; native 
supplies light and holders strong. 



Competition 117 

Russia — There has been additional 
snow fall in the southern regions and the 
outlook has improved. 

Hungary — The cold weather has been 
followed by a thaw and there is no im- 
provement; outlook unfavorable. 

India — Broomhall cables — That mer- 
chants are not offering wheat. 

Closing Budapest cables — Wheat clos- 
es 5-S higher than yesterday. 

W. Gr. Press and Co. — "Would watch the 
foreign situation and home crop news: 
either one may start good buying. 

Argentine corn damage — Broomhall 
cables — Locusts have done and are doing 
great damage to the crop along the line of 
the Pacific "Western Eailway, and more 
than half of the crop has been eaten. 



118 Competition 

St. Louis wires — Cash wheat strong; 
good demand; No. 2 red $1.20 to 1.22; Cash 
corn 1-2 higher; Xo. 2 corn 62 cts., good 
demand. 

Peoria wires — Cash corn 1-i higher; 
Xo. 3, 62 cts; receipts for 24 hours were 24 
cars. 

This is only a fair sample of the market 
news and conditions that the tickers con- 
tinue to furnish during the clay. 

At 9:30 the Board commences busi- 
ness with a roar equal to the noise of a pas- 
sing train. The traders have orders to fill 
from all over the world; some to sell and 
some to buy. 

There are several hundred men in the 
room gathered on and around four circular 
platforms or walks about two feet high and 
three wide, probably twenty to thirty feet 
in diameter. Steps lead up to the circular 



Competition 119 

walks and others in the inside, down to the 
floor. This arrangement is called the PIT; 
there are four pits in the room; one for 
wheat traders, one for corn, one for oats 
and one for pork. 

All of the men seem to be yelling as 
loud as possible, some of them making 
signs with their fingers; boys are running 
in every direction with small pieces of pa- 
per. We cannot understand a word that 
is said and might look on all day and not 
have the least idea whether the price of 
wheat went up or down. 

However, every change of an eighth 
of a cent is marked up on a blackboard. 

A large part of this business is legiti- 
mate and necessary; another large part of 
it is transacted for the purpose of creating 
a temporary monopoly in some commodity 
for a certain future delivery. 



120 Competition 

This is called running a corner, squeez- 
ing the shorts, shearing the lambs; it does 
not make any difference what it is called; 
it simply amounts to a temporary mo- 
nopoly and should be prevented because it 
injures the markets and prevents the free 
exchange of the surplus products of agri- 
culture on a competitive basis, consequent- 
ly, is an injury both to the producer and 
consumer. 

This kind of trading could be easily 
prevented without the least injustice to any 
one by enforcing a law making it a crimi- 
nal offense for any one to sell, or offer for 
sale, any farm produce that he does not 
own. So long as the government allows 
the " Bears" to sell millions of bushels of 
farm products that they do not own, in 
fact that are not in existence, it is very 
fortunate for the producer and the consum- 



Competition 121 

er that we have such men as James A. 
Patten and the Bartlett-Fraser firm to buy- 
it. 

After the opening excitement is over 
the traders quiet down and it is safe for a 
stranger, provided he has a ticket, to go 
into the trading room. 

The samples from the cars of grain re- 
ceived during the last twenty-four hours 
have arrived. 

On one side of the room are a large 
number of tables; here the small sacks of 
grain representing the car loads are on ex- 
hibition for sale ; if there is a large amount 
on sale, the buyers may be able to force a 
decline; if only a small amount is on sale, 
the sellers may demand and receive higher 
prices. 

The men that attend to this business 
keep themselves informed on every possi- 

~~ 16 



122 Competition 

ble thing that can have the least influence 
on the market. 

This is competition, the natural law 
of trade, in other words, the law provided 
by the Creator for the exchange of the sur- 
plus products of industry and the trans- 
action of all business between individuals; 
the produce of the farmers thousands of 
miles apart have met in open competition 
and have also met the competition of the 
farmers of the whole world. 

Millions of bushels of our farm pro- 
ducts have to be exported; importing coun- 
tries have buyers on the Board of Trade 
in every important market center through- 
out the world, each one trying to buy at 
the lowest price. 

It does not make any difference to us 
farmers whether labor is twelve cents per 



Competition 123 

day or two dollars per day, and there is no 
use of making investigations in foreign 
countries to determine whether it costs 
more to produce agricultural products in 
one place or another; the cost varies in 
every locality probably as much as the 
difference between twelve cents and two 
dollars per day for labor, but this fact still 
remains, that all countries have to do bus- 
iness, in food products, most of the time, 
on the competitive system. 

It is the hope of the Author to con- 
vince every farmer, before this book is 
finished, that so far as he is concerned, 
our so called protective tariff is a snare and 
a delusion, and if the great business of 
producing and distributing farm products, 
by all odds the most successful business of 
the World, can be transacted under a 
World wide competitive system, without 



124 Competition 

any government regulation, without and 
panics, always enough, never too much, 
no trouble, except what is caused by the 
gambling deals on the Board of Trade and 
the incessant tinkering of incompetent law 
makers; then it would seem that all the 
business of the World should be transacted 
on the same basis. 

"When we consider that there is not 
food enough at any time to feed the people 
for six months, we are apt to think that the 
first object of government should be look- 
ing after the production of food. The farm- 
ers might get tired, or go on a strike and all 
take a six months' lay off at the same time, 
or they might not sow the right amount 
of wheat and oats, or plant the right 
amount of corn, or potatoes, or white beans ; 
they might forget to raise any strawber- 
ries or other fruits; and the old ladies 



Competition 125 

might sell all their hens so we would have 
no eggs. 

However, there is no use to worry 
about this; the farmers can be depended 
upon, if competition is enforced, to furnish 
the right amount of everything at all times 
to feed all the people of the World, even 
the old ladies, thousands of miles apart, 
without any associations, without any pos- 
sible means of knowing what each other 
are doing, will come nearer to furnish- 
ing the right amount of eggs to supply the 
demand of all of the people of the World 
than the educated bankers, with their as- 
sociations, and 'meetings, and laws, and 
government control, will come to furnish- 
ing the right amount of money, at all 
times, to make the necessary exchanges. 

The bankers' scheme of money fails 
simply because it is not based upon the 



126 Competition 

natural law, while the old ladies' scheme 
of furnishing eggs does not fail because 
it is based upon the natural law — except 
where it is infringed upon by foolish tar- 
iff taxes. 

Law makers, at different times and dif- 
ferent places, have undertaken to regulate 
things and do business better than it could 
be done under the competitive system; they 
have fixed the wages of labor; they have 
fixed the price of commodities; they have 
set the day when the farmers should plant 
and harvest; they have made high tariffs, 
and low tariffs, and sliding tariffs, and 
maximum and minimum tariffs ; they have 
sold monopolies to individuals, and allow- 
ed corporations to unite and make monop- 
olies, in fact if not in law, and then regu- 
late them; after all they have never done 
any good but have done a vast amount of 



Competition 127 

barm; all of their schemes that have not 
fallen and been forgotten are now in a de- 
caying condition and will soon be over- 
thrown by the selfish mainspring of human 
conduct, and this column of our structure, 
COMPETITION, the natural law of trade, 
will be firmly based on the foundation of 
the Universal Civilization. 

The fifth column, or the limited pri- 
vate ownership of the land and business, 
is now shown to be correct because the 
Sixth column, which is evidently the nat- 
ural or Divine law of trade, restores the 
apparent inequality of the private owner- 
ship of the Earth and gives to mankind 
the fruits of the Earth at the lowest price, 
or in other words, with the least exertion. 

The two columns greatly strengthen 
government of the people because they will 
prevent the accumulation of the wealth 
of the world in the hands of a few individ- 
uals. 



Diagram Showing 
Construction of 

Seventh Column 




Money 

128 



Money 129 



nHE Present financial system is too 
complicated for the common peo- 
ple to understand, which is con- 
clusive proof that it is not the natural law 
and will have to be abandoned. 

The Creator provided gold and silver 
in sufficient quantities out of which to make 
money for the transaction of business and 
pay all international balances; all the gov- 
ernments needs to do is to coin the gold 
and silver, and for the further conven- 
ience of the people, provide coin certifi- 
cates representing an equal amount of coin 
held in government vaults ; then the miners 
will provide the right amount of money 
with the same regularity that the farmers 
provide the right amount of white beans. 



17 



CONSTRUCTION OF SEVENTH COLUMN 



Money 



0"~ FTER The fall of the Roman Em- 
pire the Clergy alone knew how to 
read and write, consequently they 
had a monopoly of knowledge which they 
used for the temporal benefit of the church 
and for the perpetuation of their own pow- 
er. 

The Clergy were opposed to the in- 
crease of knowledge and used their power 
to prevent its diffusion among the people. 

This monopoly of the Clergy was the 
first monopoly that attempted to block the 
progress of the present civilization; others 

130 



Money 131 

have followed and still exist; while they 
are all bad none of them so far have been 
able to inflict so much misery upon the hu- 
man race as the first one, which indicates 
that a monopoly of knowledge is the worst 
of the species. 

At the present time we are informed 
that the financial question is too compli- 
cated for the people to understand, there- 
fore it should be left to the bankers and 
Captains of finance. 

It is safe to say if the bankers or any 
profession are given too much power they 
will do exactly the same as the clergy did, 
that is, they will trample under foot the 
rights and liberties of the people. 

For convenience in making the neces- 
sary exchanges and distribution of the 
fruits of the Earth to individuals so all can 
be served at all times in quantities desired, 



132 Money 

also for the settlement of differences be- 
tween nations, it is necessary to have mon- 
ey. 

If this important part of the means or 
machinery required for the distribution of 
the surplus products of the Earth had been 
neglected or omitted by the Creator, then 
there would be reasonable grounds upon 
which to base arguments objecting to my 
proposition (See page 36.) that He made 
the laws to carry out His intention that all 
mankind should have and enjoy the fruits 
of the Earth. 

However, money or the material out of 
which to make it was not left out; gold 
and silver were provided in sufficient quan- 
tities for that purpose. 

If law makers had simply provided 
for the coinage of the gold and silver, and, 
for the further convenience of the people, 



Money 133 

provided paper certificates representing 
an equal amount of dollars held in govern- 
ment vaults, then the miners would have 
furnished the proper amount of money at 
all times to transact all the business of all 
the people of the World. 

This discussion about financial legis- 
lation is on an equality of the TWADDLE 
of protection. 

The so-called Captains of Finance 
want to continue their monopoly of finan- 
cial knowledge for their own power* and 
wealth; they want to continue to deceive 
the people and get something for nothing. 

They have associations, hold meetings, 
issue paper money and paper notes redeem- 
able in this and redeemable in that, regu- 
late the amount, require government aid 

* See note 2. 



l f S4 Money 

and supervision, and we usually have a 
panic, or the complete failure of their finan- 
cial system about once in ten years, with 
the result that all business is thrown out 
of gear, everybody injured, more or less 
and the unfortunate starved. 

Almost all good laws are those repeal- 
ing old ones and restoring natural condi- 
tions. 

In placing this column of our structure 
on the Foundation of the Universal Civili- 
zation, it is not necessary to unsettle busi- 
ness or make any radical change in prices, 
as the gold and silver is offered for coin- 
age the paper money can be withdrawn and 
destroyed; the coin dollar or coin certifi- 
cate will take the place of the paper dollar, 
and when all paper dollars are destroyed, 
we will have the right amount of money, 
simply because the amount will be con- 



Money 135 

trolled by the law of supply and demand, 
which is a Natural or Divine law made by 
the Creator to give us the right amount of 
the various products to be exchanged. 

As previously stated, the natural laws 
provided by the Creator for the mainten- 
ance of government of the people and the 
production and distribution of the fruits of 
the Earth are all simple and easily under- 
stood, and do not require any government 
tinkering or regulation; as to slavery, no 
man was born to be the slave of another; 
as to religion, every one has the right to 
his own religious opinion; as to the private 
ownership of the Earth and business, limit 
it to the amount necessary for the economi- 
cal production and distribution of the pro- 
duct; as to money, coin the gold and 
silver and the law of supply and demand 
will furnish the right amount. 



1 36 Money 

A question is difficult to understand 
or an institution does not work well and 
requires continued regulation and govern- 
ment control simply because a certain class 
of the people are benefited or their power 
extended by delaying the application of the 
natural law. 

Note the many foolish laws, court de- 
cisions, and compromises we had before 
the abolition of slavery. 

This argument of the bankers and cap- 
tains of industry that the financial question 
is too complicated for the people to under- 
stand is the same old argument, probably 
first used by the Clergy way back in the 
tenth century and in use ever since; it 
amounts to an assertion that the voters do 
not know how to make laws to perpetuate 
government of the people, and the Creator 
did not know how to make laws to carrv 



Money 137 

out his intention: "Even as the green herb 
have I given you all things. ' } 

Any law or institution necessary for 
the welfare of mankind, or necessary for 
the maintenance of government of the peo- 
ple, that is too complicated for the voters 
to understand is not the natural or scien- 
tific law and will have to be abolished. 

The many complications, endless laws, 
government regulation and control, and the 
periodical panics of the present finan- 
cial system are enough to condemn it 
while the simplicity of the natural law will 
cause its universal adoption. 

We cannot have the Universal Civiliza- 
tion without an universal system of money, 
w^hich can only be gold and silver, and the 
amount regulated by the law of supply 
and demand. 

18 



138 "Money 

After a few more financial panics, the 
combined selfishness of the common people 
will place this column on the foundation 
of the Universal Civilization; then the 
World will have only one system of money 
which will be gold and silver coined by 
the various governments and, for the fur- 
ther convenience of the people, paper cer- 
tificates, representing an equal amount of 
dollars held in government vaults. 

This financial system, it is safe to say, 
can be easily understood by the common 
people, and we will have the right amount 
of money with the same certainty that we 
have the right amount of white beans. 



Diagram Showing 
Construction of 

Eighth Column 



F and M 




1 


F and M \ 

2 8\ 


4 


3 7 J 


5 6 


FandM / 



Freedom of Trade 

139 



140 Freedom of Trade 



H" EOTECTION from poverty by tax- 
ation is the foundation of the pres- 
ent civilization; it is no better in 
any particular than the old protection from 
the wrath of .God. The old protction was 
based upon the ignorance of the people 
concerning the laws of nature, while pro- 
tection from poverty b} r taxation is based 
upon the ignorance of the people concern- 
ing the production and distribution of 
wealth. 

All tariff laws are too complicated for 
the common people to understand, conse- 
quently they will soon be abandoned. 

The so called protective tariffs of the 
various nations of the Earth are responsi- 
ble for the vast sums expended for armies 
and navies; in addition to this they inter- 
fere with the production of the surplus 
and are the direct cause of the most of the 
poverty and want that afflicts mankind at 
the present time. 



CONSTRUCTION OF EIGHTH COLUMN 



Freedom of Trade 



n 



T has been shown that the desires of 
man are only limited by the fruits 
of the Earth; 

That the Earth produces or contains 
a surplus of a few commodities in every 
locality; 

That the selfish mainspring of human 
conduct compels us to produce the surplus ; 

That gold and silver were provided 
by the Creator, in sufficient quantities, out 
of which to make money to transact the 
business of trade and settle international 
balances. 

141 



142 Freedom of Trade 

The discovery of the above natural 
laws is abundant and conclusive proof 
that free and unlimited trade was the 
most essential part of the scheme of the 
Creator whereby mankind should have and 
enjoy the fruits of the Earth and carry out 
his intention: "Even as the green herb 
have I given you all things." 

All tariff laws are complicated; they 
cannot be understood by the common peo- 
ple ; they are the result of bargain and sale, 
compromise and dishonesty; they are not 
scientific, therefore require continual re- 
vision and government regulation. 

A scientific law is a law made by the 
Creator; when such a law is discovered and 
applied it does not need any tinkering; 
this applies alike to the science of Astrono- 
m v and to the science of Political Economy. 



Freedom of Trade 143 

The laws that the Creator made to es- 
tablish and perpetuate government of the 
people and carry out his intention that all 
mankind should have and enjoy the fruits 
of the Earth are all simple and easily un- 
derstood, and do not require any govern- 
ment control or regulation of any kind. 

For simpicity, the Universal freedom 
of trade compares very favorably with the 
natural law that no one is born to be the 
slave of another. The common people can 
easily understand either or both of those 
laws. 

It looks strange to us now that any one 
should have claimed the right to own 
slaves. It will look equally strange to the 
next generation that any one or any gov- 
ernment should have claimed the right to 
interfere with the freedom of trade which 
is undoubtedly a natural right bestowed 
upon all by the Creator. 



144 Freedom of Trade 

If we want universal peace and pros- 
perity, considering the construction of the 
Earth, the surplus product and the selfish 
mainspring of human conduct, it is time 
that we enforce our personal rights and 
establish the universal freedom of trade. 

Notwithstanding these plain facts, we, 
especially the farmers of the United States, 
who do not receive any benefit, are respon- 
sible for blocking the progress of civiliza- 
tion by voting for upholding and main- 
taining a system of tariff taxes and inces- 
sant interference by the government with 
our foreign trade which we call PROTEC- 
TION. 

Protection from what? There is only 
one answer: Protection from poverty by 
taxation. 

Protection from the wrath of God 
WAS based upon the ignorance of the peo- 
ple concerning the laws of nature. 



Freedom of Trade 145 

Protection from poverty by taxation 
IS based upon the ignorance of the people 
concerning the production and distribution 
of wealth. 

The former protection benefited the 
Clergy, while the latter benefits the trusts, 
corporations and individuals who are 
able to combine, prevent competition and 
do business on the Greed system. 

To illustrate, it is said that two Scotch- 
men, Alexander and Andrew, went out into 
the World to seek their fortunes. Alexan- 
der thought out a scheme of protecting peo- 
ple from the wrath of God, which at that 
time was known to be a fraud, so he scoured 
the world to find individuals with money 
who were a little cracked in the upper story 
on religion and were willing to part with 
their money for his brand of protection. 

19 



146 Freedom of Trade 

Having secured considerable wealth in 
this way, he builded a city. 

Andrew was anxious to protect the 
people from poverty by taxation so he or- 
ganized a great iron and steel company, 
now known as the U. S. Steel Trust. As 
his brand of protection was very popular, 
he soon accumulated a billion dollars of 
the people's wealth. Fearing that it would 
be a disgrace to die with so much preda- 
tory property in his possession he contrib- 
uted liberally of his income towards the 
erection of public libraries so the people 
could inform themselves and know better 
next time. 

So far as the people are concerned, 
there is no difference between the protect- 
ion of Alexander and the protection of An- 
drew; either one is an unmitigated fraud 



Freedom of Trade 147 

and relieves tliem of their wealth without 
any compensation whatever. 

The ignorance that requires protection 
from the wrath of God is called supersti- 
tion; it amounts to a general belief that 
God is continually interfering with the 
affairs of men and chastising them for 
their sins; therefore the desire for pro- 
tection. 

The only possible way to overcome 
superstition is by the increase of knowl- 
edge and its diffusion among the people. 

After the invention of printing in 
1530, a censorship of the press was estab- 
lished, Cardinal Wolsey claiming that the 
act of printing would take down the honor 
and profit of the priesthood and make the 
people as wise as they. 

See now: the honor and profit of the 



148 Freedom of Trade 

priesthood depends upon the ignorance of 
the people. 

This censorship of the press consisted 
of not allowing anything to be printed 
without it was approved of by the Clergy 
or those in power. It continued until 1694. 
Under the circumstances, the more the peo- 
ple read of such books the less they knew. 

As knowledge increased, in spite of 
all opposition, PEOTECTION FROM THE 
WRATH OF GOD was gradually abandon- 
ed and the basis of civilization was shifted 
to PROTECTION FROM POVERTY 
BY TAXATION. 

This absurd theory that law makers 
can tax the people of a nation prosperous, 
as above stated, is based upon the ignor- 
ance of the people concerning the produc- 
tion and distribution of wealth. 



Freedom of Trade 149 

Since the publication of Wealth of 
Nations by Adam Smith in 1776, it has 
been well known to students of Political 
Economy that any interference with trade 
is contrary to the welfare of the people; 
but this knowledge failed to be diffused 
among the people of any nation sufficiently 
to cause the downfall of protection except 
in England. 

In our own country, the facts of the 
case are, the people have been so busy skim- 
ming the cream off of this great continent 
that they have not taken time to think and 
most of the papers (since the campaign in 
which Samuel J. Tilden was elected presi- 
dent) have been so completely muzzled by 
the predatory interests that they might as 
well have been censored. 

So far as politicians and public men 
are concerned, it is their business to think 



150 Freedom of Trade 

or not to think the same as the majority of 
the voters; to perpetuate themselves in of- 
fice, to continue in power, to stay on top, 
is their business. 

Mr. Buckle, in his History of Civiliza- 
tion in England, gives an instance of the 
methods that men will use to continue 
themselves in power that occurred in Scot- 
land in 1853. 

The Presbytery of Edinburgh, compos- 
ed of educated men, knowing that the peo- 
ple of Scotland were somewhat ignorant 
concerning the laws of nature, for which 
they, the Clergy, were more or less respon- 
sible, instructed their Moderator to address 
a letter to the home secretary of Great Brit- 
ain stating that the Cholera had made its 
appearance and they had not appointed a 
day of fasting and prayer on their own 



Freedom of Trade 151 

Ecclesiastical authority because they sup- 
posed the Queen would appoint a day on 
Royal authority, and they would like to be 
informed if it was contemplated to appoint 
such a day. The apparent object, of 
course, was to seek protection from the 
wrath of God by persuading him to prevent 
the ravages of the Cholera. 

The real object was to continue their 
power by deceiving the people. 

The home secretary, Lord Palmerston, 
knew that even the day laborers and hack 
drivers of England would support him in 
giving the learned Presbytery the follow- 
ing information: 

The cholera, he wrote, is not a mani- 
festation of the wrath of God; it is caused 
by unsanitary conditions; and he would 
advise them to clean up, and especially see 



152 Freedom of Trade 

that the houses of the poor are properly 
cleansed and that they are properly fed; 
if this was done before the return of hot 
weather all would be well, otherwise pes- 
tilence would be sure to revisit them, "in 
spite of all the prayers and fastings of a 
united, but inactive nation." 

The learned Presbytery accepted this 
advice without any serious protest, be- 
cause they knew it was true. 

At the present time the Czar of Russia 
forbids the Clergy appointing days of fast- 
ing and prayer to prevent the spread of 
an epidemic because it weakens the people 
and makes them more liable to an attack 
of the disease. 

As previously stated, the basis of civi- 
lization has been shifted from protection 
from the wrath of God to protection from 



Freedom of Trade 153 

poverty by taxation; the foundation of the 
whole scheme is based upon the ignorance 
of the people concerning the production 
and distribution of wealth. 

On this slender foundation, at the pres- 
ent time, rests most of the institutions of 
all of the so called civilized nations except 
Great Britain. 

Europe is an armed camp, protecting 
the people from poverty by taxation, every 
nation taxing the people to the limit for 
the maintenance of armies and the con- 
struction of war ships to protect their for- 
eign trade and at the same time continually 
making tariff laws to prevent foreign trade, 
England alone using her navy in asserting 
the right of her people to free trade with 
all nations. 

In the construction of the Sixth Col- 
umn (Competition) it was plainly shown, 

20 



154 Freedom of Trade 

that farm products are produced and sold 
under the competitive system at the 
World's price, therefore, to include farm 
products in the tariff list is only an attempt 
to pull the wool over the farmers' eyes in 
order to rob them and perpetuate an in- 
famous fraud. 

The author here asserts, without the 
least fear of successful contradiction, that 
any industry that cannot be organized so 
as to prevent competition is not benefited 
by the protective tariff, in fact, is injured. 
Then who is benefited? Simply the trusts, 
corporations and millionaires ; the Jack pot 
contributors and corruptors of our officials 
and courts. 

"Calamities," says Mr. Buckle, the 
author of Civilization in England, "may be 
inflicted upon nations by others, but no 



Freedom of Trade 155 

people can be degraded except by their 
own acts." 

So long as the common people are 
sound, government of the people is in no 
great danger from the political corruption 

in high places, but if this corruption, which 
is almost wholly the result of our protec- 
tive tariff, sifts down to the common peo- 
ple and they begin to sell their votes for a 
few filthy dollars, then is the day when the 
republic is in real danger. It is to be 
hoped that day will never come. 

The United States is the largest civ- 
ilized nation over which there is absolute 
freedom of trade; this enables us to adopt 
the surplus method of production and gives 
us a greater variety of soil and climate. 
consequently a greater variety of surplus 
products to exchange. 



156 Freedom of Trade 

Suppose we cut the country up with 
tariff walls; it would make fourteen states 
the size of Germany, or thirty-four the size 
of Great Britain. 

If divided into fourteen states the size 
of Germany, extending north and south 
the whole length of the country, there 
would still be some chance for the people 
to employ their labor and capital in the 
production of the natural surplus products 
of the different localities which would 
cause trade and the people would be as 
prosperous as the people of other nations 
of that size, but if it was cut up with tariff 
walls into thirty-four states the size of 
Great Britain, then there would be no 
chance to produce the surplus, consequent- 
ly there would be no trade, and life would 
be a continual struggle for the actual nec- 
essaries. 



Freedom of Trade 157 

The surplus method of production de- 
pends entirely upon the ability of the pro 
ducer to exchange the surplus and procure 
more of the fruits of the Earth for himself 
than he can by diversified industry. The 
selfish mainspring would be only a theory 
instead of a natural law if this was not 
true, therefore we can be assured of the fol- 
lowing facts: 

First — It is the great size of our country, 
especially its length north and 
south, which allows us to produce 
a great variety of products. In 
connection with the virgin fertility 
of the soil, this has enabled us to 
bear the great burden of tariff tax- 
es, that is, to dispose of our pro- 
ducts under the world wide com- 
petitive system and buy most of 
our commodities under the greed 



158 Freedom of Trade 

system; in other words, to make it 
a little plainer, to build up the pre- 
datory trusts and corporations and 
yet be prosperous. 

Second — The farmers have run over this 
vast territory, without any regard 
to the rights of future generations, 
and skimmed the cream from the 
soil. 

Third — The lumbermen have cut the easy 
trees. 

Fourth — The miners have dug the easy 
coal, iron and other minerals. 

Fifth — Until lately we have not been bur- 
dened with a large and expensive 
navy. 

Sixth — The Christian religion does not re- 
tard the progress of knowledge or 
interfere with the production of 
wealth. 



Freedom of Trade 159 

These are natural, reasonable and suf- 
ficient reasons for the higher wages and 
greater prosperity of the people of the 
United States; the natural causes and con- 
ditions make us prosperous in spite of 
adverse legislation. 

While, as it has been shown, the price 
of all farm products is governed by the 
competition of the World yet the exchange 
of farm products for farm products which 
do not come under the control of the trusts 
is not seriously affected by the tariff, ex- 
cept by the great injury it does to our for- 
eign markets, and the higher rate of trans- 
portation caused by the increased cost of 
steel and iron for ships, railroads etc. 

The cotton planters of the south have 
to export about seventy-five per cent of 
the crop. They, and especially the negro 
laborers, are the worst sufferers from the 
protective tariff. 



160 Freedom of Trade 

While waiting for a train at Brinkly, 
Arkansas, I was introduced to a cotton 
planter and thought it would be a good 
idea to interview him. 

Please tell me, says I, why you do not 
raise your living for yourself and stock and 
this army of help you are keeping? 

"Yes sir, it gives me pleasure to an- 
swer your question, sir. 

"In the first place, sir, this army of 
niggers you see around here know how to 
raise cotton, and this soil and climate seem 
to have been made for that purpose. The 
niggers, sir, do not know how to run a 
corn planter or binder, but they do know 
how to raise cotton and pick it." 

"Skuse me boss," said an old Negro 
who just then made his appearance, "de 
boys say da cant work in de field from sun 



Freedom of Trade 161 

to sun for six bits (75cts) er day dese long 
days, case choppin cotton am mighty hard 
work, and de sun gets up mighty early 
dese mornins and stays up er long time, 
and den sum of dem haf to walk fo miles 
home, and time da gets er bite ter eat da 
dont hab no time ter sleep, fo da has ter 
get up and get anoder bite, so da can get 
to der field f o sun up. ' ' 

"Well, Sam what do they want to do 
about it?" 

"Da says boss da ought to hab a dol- 
lar er day. 

"Did they say they could work from 
sun to sun for a dollar a day?" 

"Yes, boss, da said da could. " 

"You tell them, that I said, if they can 
work from sun to sun for a dollar, they 
can work for six bits and I won't pay any 

20 



162 Freedom of Trade 

more, and don't you interrupt me again 
when I am talking to a gentleman." 

"Skuse me boss, but er was so tired 
and hungry." 

"Excuse me, sir, but that nigger is a 
field boss and he is very trusty, sir, and he 
did look tired and worn out. 

"But as I was saying, sir, about raising 
cotton and these niggers; you know that 
most of our cotton is exported and sold in 
competition with the cotton of the World. 

"You northern gentlemen, sir, imag- 
ine you set the niggers free, but they have 
just changed owners; they are now owned 
by the trusts and corporations who furnish 
us with machinery and supplies. 

' t The planters only make a living and 
keep the nigger from starving, so he is very 
little better off than he was before the war; 



Freedom of Trade 163 

in fact, sir, in my opinion, lie is worse off 
than he was before the war." 

On account of the natural conditions, 
(See page 154) it was known by the leading 
advocates of protection that wages would 
necessarily be higher and the people more 
prosperous than the people of other na- 
tions. The conditions provided an excel- 
lent opportunity for conducting a confi- 
dence game on a large scale under the high 
sounding title of PEOTECTION TO 
AMERICAN LABOR, 

The working basis of the scheme may 
be simplified by supposing that we had only 
farm products, iron and steel, and labor 
to deal with. 

In order to protect the American la- 
borer from the pauper labor of Europe, and 
provide him with a full dinner pail, we 



164 Freedom of Trade 

levy a tariff tax of say 25 per cent on all 
imported farm products, and say nine dol- 
lars per ton on all imported steel and iron; 
nothing on laboring men. The proper way 
to protect American labor, of course, is to 
let the Italian, the Pole, and the Russian 
in free. Labor, according to the theory of 
our eminent Tariff Tinkers, does not come 
in competition with labor; instead it is the 
imported product that labor has to com- 
pete with. 

The farmer swallowed the dope be- 
cause he was busy skimming cream, and it 
was accompanied with many honeyed 
words about the great advantages of home 
markets; and at the present time we have 
the Secretary of Agriculture assuring us 
that the more we take out of the soil the 
more fertile it becomes, and also giving 
us ten guesses per annum on the excellent 



Freedom of Trade 165 

condition of the growing crops; and finally 
giving ns a guess on the whole amount 
produced and the farm price, which is 
much nearer the consuming price than it is 
to the price that the producer receives for 
his surplus product; it includes one or 
two profits and the cost of transportation 
from the farm where it was produced to 
the farm where it is consumed, all of which 
puffs the farmers up with their great pros- 
perity. 

Here is the proposition; the govern- 
ment will make any one who imports farm 
products pay 25 per cent more than they 
are worth before they are taken out of the 
bonded warehouse, or get through the tar- 
iff wall ; you farmers, in order to derive any 
benefit from this magnanimous proposition, 
must organize and prevent competition; 
then you can levy a tax of 25 per cent on 
the people for your own benefit. 



166 Freedom of Tirade 

See, our scheme gives you the taxing 
power if you abandon that foolish com- 
petition and do business on the greed plan. 

Way back when we old gray fellows 
were boys, or young men, the grange move- 
ment was an attempt to organize the farm- 
ers and create a monopoly in farm pro- 
ducts. 

We were not only going to have a mo- 
nopoly in farm products but we were going 
to regulate things generally and buy our 
supplies at our own price; however, we 
never succeeded in preventing competition 
or regulating things to any great extent. 

Fortunately for mankind in general, 
when the Creator made the farmers he 
made so many or them that they simply 
had to do business, or dispose of their farm 
products at least, under the law that he 



Freedom of Trade 167 

provided; and that was, is now, and will 
continue to be, competition. 

However, the steel and iron manu- 
facturers, with the skillful management of 
Mr. Carnegie and other captains of finance, 
were more successful in organizing the 
steel and iron industry; so they were able 
to prevent competition, do business on the 
greed plan and tax the people to the ex- 
tent of nine dollars per ton, FOE THE 
BENEFIT OF THE TRUST. 

The only thing that labor could do un- 
der the circumstances was to organize 
unions, or a labor trust, which they have 
more or less accomplished; and now after 
forty years of protection from poverty by 
taxation, and most of the industries except 
farming have done exactly what the tariff 
laws intended should be done, that is, or- 
ganize, prevent competition, and do bus- 



168 Freedom of Trade 

mess on the greed plan, the principal bus- 
iness of the government is regulating 
trusts and prosecuting labor unions. 

What a jumble of nonsense and con- 
tradictions this protection is; we pass laws 
to make trusts and then pass laws to reg- 
ulate them. 

We pass laws to make railroads cost 
almost double what they ought to cost and 
then pass laws to regulate freight and pas- 
senger rates. 



x & v 



We keep the learned judges and an 
army of smart lawj T ers (all drawing high 
salaries) busy with great and important 
questions, hardly on an equality with try- 
ing an old lady for witchcraft and riding 
through the air on a broomstick. 

Surely we are a great people, after a 
hundred years of free schools, free press, 



Freedom of Trade 169 

free speech, to stand here blocking the pro- 
gress of civilization, listening to such fool- 
ishness as this protection TAVADDLE. 

And finally, now after the forests are 
denudated, the easy coal and mineral dug 
out, and the cream of the soil skimmed off, 
and it is evident, if there was the first iota 
of truth in the theory of protection, the 
tariff ought to be increased, we are going 
to have a special session of congress to re- 
vise it downwards, and have a scientific 
tariff, because it is to be a maximum and 
minimum tariff. 

Why are we going to revise the tariff 
downwards ? 

Simply because the great and impor- 
tant question with the tariff tinkers always 
has been and always will be : how much will 
the natural conditions allow us to steal 

22 



170 Freedom of Trade 

from the people and make them believe 
the tariff makes them prosperous? If it is 
a bank with large deposits the dishonest 
cashier can steal more than he can from 
the bank with small deposits; any one with 
ordinary business capacity will admit the 
truth of that statement. If it is a large 
country with new and fertile soil and a 
great variety of climate, over which there 
is freedom of trade, the tariff tinkers can 
steal more from the people, and make them 
think that protection is the cause of pros- 
perity, than they can from the people of a 
small country with a worn out soil and less 
variety of climate. If you will think about 
it a few minutes you will arrive at the con- 
clusion that this statement is also true. 

We are going to revise the tariff down- 
wards simply because this country is get- 
ting to be somewhat like the small bank 



Freedom of Trade 171 

with less deposits; there is not so much to 
steal as there was at the time of the last 
revision, and if the present system of farm- 
ing, mining, and lumbering continues there 
will not be nearly so much to steal at the 
time of the next revision as there is at the 
present time. 

Revise the tariff, revise protection 
from poverty by taxation, trying to make 
the people believe a false and foolish doc- 
trine for the benefit of the predatory trusts 
and corporations, holding yourselves up to 
public ridicule the same as the Presbytery 
of Edinburgh in 1853, to deceive the peo- 
ple and keep yourselves in power. 

You would be acting with equal wis- 
dom to hold a special session to revise the 
old protection from the wrath of God. 

There is no difference in the result of 
the two protections; just a little difference 
in the ignorance upon which they are based. 



172 Freedom of Trade 

We are to have a maximum and mini- 
mum tariff which will make it a scientific 
tariff. A natural law which is a scientific 
law admits of no maximum or minimum. 

How would the law of gravitation act 
with a maximum and minimum attach- 
ment? Such an attachment would be an ad- 
mission on the part of the Creator that he 
did not know his business, and it requires 
his continual interference to keep the vari- 
ous bodies composing the solar system 
from running into each other. 

The right to life, liberty, equality and 
freedom are natural laws; put a maximum 
and minimum patch on them and see how 
they look. 

The freedom of trade is one of the nat- 
ural rights of mankind. The world wide 
desires, the surplus production, not only 



Freedom of Trade 173 

in one but in all countries, the ease with 
which commodities can be transported by 
water from one country to another, the 
greater prosperity of large nations, over 
which there is free trade, the backward 
state of civilization in China where foreign 
trade was long prohibited and internal 
trade discouraged, all point to the fact that 
free and unlimited trade is a divine or nat- 
ural law not only to give us prosperity and 
plenty but also to carry the same blessings 
to the people of all nations, and to eventu- 
ally establish the Universal Civilization of 
the future. 

This column of FREE TRADE is sure- 
ly based upon the foundation that the 
Earth was created for mankind and the 
fruits of the Earth are the gift of the Cre- 
ator to all. 

The selfish mainspring of human con- 
duct is wound up; the forces are uniting; 



174 Freedom of Trade 

it includes the farmers, the professional 
and business men, and all others who must 
necessarily dispose of their products or 
labor under the competitive system and 
buy their supplies from the trusts, corpor- 
ations and others under the greed system. 

Here is the firing line of the further 
progress of civilization; defeat means the 
downfall of government of the people; vic- 
tory means Universal peace and prosperity, 
and the leaders will win glory that will 
shine on and grow brighter with the pas- 
sing of the centuries long after the glory 
of war has been forgotten. We may be as- 
sured that this battle will be won, that; 

Protection from poverty by taxation 
like its inglorious prototype, protection 
from the wrath of god, is doomed to an ig- 
nomonious death; a few more years and 
this, the last legacy of barbarism, will be 



Freedom of Trade 175 

laid to rest with slavery, with tyrrany, 
with protection from the wrath of God, and 
as it developed there was no wrath of God, 
it will also develop there is no poverty, 
only what is made by evil and ignorant 
legislation. 



Diagram Showing 
Construction of 

Ninth Column 



Farui; 



Fand: 



M 


1 


F and M \ 
2 8\ 




4 


3 7 j 


M 


5 


F and M / 



Public Utilities. 

176 



Public Utilities 177 



a 



T has been shown that the Earth was 
created for mankind and the fruits 
of the Earth are the gift of the 
Creator to all, consequently it follows, there 
was nothing made for corporations and 
trusts and all they claim to own is stolen 
property. The day is not so far distant 
when the people will demand their inheri- 
tance and the government will have to 
conduct the Public Utilities with the sav- 
ings money of the people. 



CONSTRUCTION OF NINTH COLUMN 



Public Utilities 



0" SUMMARY of our work shows that 
we have discovered the following 
natural or divine laws which I will 
now endeavor to group according to the 
work to he done: 

First — For the foundation for the Uni- 
versal Civilization — The Earth was created 
for mankind and the Fruits of the Earth 
are the gift of the Creator to all. 

Second — For establishing government 
of the people — No man is born to be the 
slave of another, and all men are endowed 
by their Creator with the right to life, lib- 
erty, equality and freedom. 

178 



Public Utilities 179 

Third — For the maintenance of gov- 
ernment of the people — We have so far 
discovered that the private ownership of 
the Earth and Business should be limited 
to the amount necessary for the econom- 
ical production and distribution of the var- 
ious commodities required, all of which bus- 
iness of production and distribution must 
be done under the competitive system as 
that is the only law provided by the Crea- 
tor for the transaction of business by in- 
dividuals. 

For the further maintenance of gov- 
ernment of the people, and extension of civ- 
ilization, making it Universal, we have 
discovered : 

First — The desires of man are only 
limited by the fruits of the Earth. 

Second — The Earth produces or con- 



180 Public Utilities 

tains a surplus of a few commodities in 
every locality. 

Third — Gold and silver are provided 
by the Creator, out of which to make mon- 
ey for the transaction of business, and set- 
tle international differences. 

The above three natural laws estab- 
lish the fact that free and unlimited trade 
is the most important law provided by the 
Creator, whereby mankind should have and 
enjoy the fruits of the Earth and at the 
same time carry civilization to all nations. 

We have also discovered, that the con- 
stant pressure of the selfish mainspring of 
human conduct on the common people, is 
the force provided by the Creator that has 
done the work so far accomplished, and 
will eventually finish the construction of 
the Universal Civilization of the future. 



Public Utilities 181 

All of these laws are simple and easily 
understood by the common people, and will 
not require any government regulation or 
interference of any kind. They are natur- 
al laws and it would be equally as foolish 
to try to amend them as it would to amend 
the law of Gravitation. 

Under the circumstances it seems 
there is nothing left for government to do, 
but it should be remembered that the laws 
establishing government of the people 
were made by the Creator, consequently, 
there is, and always will be, something for 
government to do; otherwise the whole 
scheme would be a failure, and He is not 
liable to make a failure of any thing He 
undertakes to accomplish. 

Therefore it is the plain duty of the 
government to do all things necessary for 
the Universal civilization, that cannot be 



182 Public Utilities 

done by the people under the law of com- 
petition, which is the only law provided 
by the Creator, as previously stated, for 
the transaction of business by individuals. 

The public utilities are of such a nature 
that competition cannot be allowed; we 
cannot have several systems of water 
works, street car lines, gas pipes, mails, 
etc., in our villages and cities; neither can 
we have two or more lines of railroads to 
all of the villages and cities, and if we did 
have them, we could not prevent the man- 
agers from forming combinations, making 
monopolies and doing business on the 
greed sj^stem, which cannot be tolerated by 
the coming civilization. 

If our foundation is correct, and the 
Earth was created for mankind, and the 
fruits of the Earth are the gift of the Cre- 
ator to all, then it follows there was not 



Public Utilities 183 

any thing created for corporations and 
trusts and all they claim to own is stolen 
property, which will, sooner or later, have 
to be restored to the people. 

Instead of the government being out of 
a job, it is the corporation that has out- 
lived its usefulness. 

The corporation for pecuniary profit 
is supposed to be an improvement on the 
man the Creator made; it is born with full 
powers, lives an unlimited time; when you 
size it up one side and down the other, it 
is a bag for dollars, with a smart lawyer 
at one end to keep the manager out of the 
penitentiary. 

The feudal landlord and the slave ov,n- 
er had a heart and red blood in their veins, 
but this thing, the corporation, has noth- 
ing except a capacity to grab dollars. 



184 Public Utilities 

After we have the universal freedom 
of trade, the surplus method of production 
will soon be adopted by the people of all 
nations, consequently, the annual produc- 
tion will be vastly increased over the 
amount now produced and there will be a 
corresponding increase in trade and trans- 
portation. 

Notwithstanding these plain truths >ve 
make this thing, the corporation, and not 
only allow it to usurp the function of gov- 
ernment in conducting the Public Utilities 
but also allow it, without a conscience, 
without a stomach to feed or a back to 
clothe or children to raise and educate, to 
enter into competition with the God made 
man in the transaction of private business. 

This thing, the corporation, in private 
business is most certainly an infringement 
upon the law of equality. 



Public Utilities 185 

The man the Creator made, to whom 
He gave all things, has a stomach to pro- 
vide for, a back to clothe, and in order to 
perpetuate the race, which he is command- 
ed to do, he has children to feed, clothe and 
educate, also a conscience to reprove him 
if his actions are wrong. 

This unholy thing, the corporation, if 
the manager wishes (which he usually 
does) to drive the individual out of bus- 
iness and prevent competition, can do the 
business at a loss, and pass a dividend or 
two, but the individual cannot pass any 
dividends; food and clothing must be pro- 
vided and the children cared for; other- 
wise, race suicide. 

Suppose the Creator had made as many 
THINGS or unnatural men as we have 
made corporations, and placed them here 
to usurp and monopolize the business, pub- 



186 Public Utilities 

lie utilities, and wealth of the country, aft- 
er having given us the Earth and all things, 
even to the green herb. We would say it 
was not a "square deal/' that the Creator 
was not fair, and we would have extermi- 
nated the whole race of things long ago. 

And that is exactly what the selfish 
mainspring of human conduct is going to 
do with the corporation. It occupies the 
same place in business at the present time 
that Feudalism did in the ownership of the 
land during past ages. In its infancy the 
corporation might have been of some ad- 
vantage to mankind, but now it is a great 
disadvantage. 

When the drones are no longer nec- 
essary for the welfare of a swarm of bees 
the workers sting them to death. 

When an institution is no longer nec- 
essary for the welfare of mankind, it be- 



Public Utilities 187 

comes a detriment to the progress of civil- 
zation, and that irrestible force, the con- 
stant pressure of the selfish mainspring 
of human conduct on the common people, 
gives it the same treatment that the work- 
ers in the swarm of bees inflict upon the 
drones. The truth of this statement is only 
the history of the present civilization. 

Some farmers, especially those inter- 
ested in farmers' elevator companies, will 
probably not agree with me at the present 
time in regard to corporations, but it should 
be remembered, it is the history of the trust 
that corporations must first be organized. 
Almost every trust is a combination of 
corporations. We will, in all human prob- 
ability, soon have the grain trust. Then 
the farmers will be in worse condition 
than they were before the farmers' eleva- 
tor companies were organized. 



188 Public Utilities 

These companies are only necessary 
in order to overcome the greed system of 
doing business adopted by the large cor- 
porations with the line of elevators. 

The abolition of the corporation, and 
limiting the business of the individual to 
the amount necessary for its economical 
transaction, would correct all the evils and 
make the farmers' elevator companies en- 
tirely unnecessary. 

All we have to do is to restore indi- 
vidual opportunity and individual com- 
petition. 

Slavery was not all bad. There was 
some good in the black mamma slavery of 
the border states. 

The training* the slaves received under 
this system was beneficial to a people not 
two hundred years removed from barbar- 



Public Utilities 189 

ism; but this system, which did not permit 
a slave to be sold outside of his owner's 
family without his consent, could not be 
perpetuated, admitting that it was desir- 
able, which it was not, without perpetu- 
ating the diabolical institution of slavery 
in the far south. 

It is now the same with the good cor- 
poration. The institution as a whole is 
bad, more degrading to mankind, more 
dangerous to our liberties, than slavery 
ever was, and the further progress of civ- 
ilization demands the total abolition of 
the whole corporate system of doing bus- 
iness. 

The following charges are made 
against the corporation: 

First. — In the transaction of private 
business, the law of competition, based up- 



190 Public Utilities 

on the equality of individuals, is sufficient- 
ly severe; therefore, to create a corporation 
and allow it, without any of the duties and 
obligations of man, to enter into business, 
drive the individual out by passing a few 
dividends, and then conducting the busi- 
ness on the greed plan, or saving every- 
thing except the squeal, not for the people 
but for the trust or corporation, is placing 
the God made man on an equality with the 
free laborer of the south before the war. 
He cannot continue in business, stand the 
ability of the corporation to pass dividends 
and compete with the man made thing. 

For instance, the meat trust is in bus- 
iness to rob the producer as well as the 
consumer. This Danforth Township, be- 
fore the trust was organized, would raise, 
feed, and ship about one hundred car loads 
of live stock per annum, mostly hogs. At 



Public Utilities 191 

the present time there are less than ten 
ears of live stock shipped out per annum. 

So long as we had competition at the 
Stock Yards there was something by which 
the farmers could estimate the require- 
ments of the trade, but there is no way of 
making an estimate on the greed of the 
trust ; consequently, the farmers abandoned 
the live stock business. Now the same 
greed that drove the farmers out of the live 
stock business fixes the price of meat to 
consumers, which is much higher than it 
was under the competitive system. The 
result of saving everything but the squeal, 
for the trust, is, the common people are 
deprived of meat. 

Again, the Standard Oil Company has 
employed the same methods as the meat 
trust to destroy the private business of a 
great many individuals and establish 



192 Public Utilities 

its monopoly. These two trusts are men- 
tioned not because they are any better or 
worse than the steel trust, tobacco trust, 
or any other trust. 

Second. — The public utility corpora- 
tions, especially the railroad companies, 
have undertaken, in their wild scramble 
to get their clutches on everything the Ore 
ator gave to mankind, to overthrow gov- 
ernment of the people and establish govern- 
ment by bribery for the benefit of the pre- 
datory trusts and corporations. 

Their methods have been little if any 
better than high treason. 

They have issued their free passes, 
dead head express and freight to almost 
every official that we elect, from town sup- 
ervisor to president of the United States, 
including the judges of our courts; not only 



Public Utilities 193 

passes, but in one instance, if I am correct- 
ly informed, the private car of the presi- 
dent of the road was furnished a judge in 
'in which to transport his mother-in-law. 
from Indianapolis, Lid., to Los Angeles, 
Calif. They have also muzzled the press 
more or less with their bribes. 

The action of our officials and judges 
in accepting the bribes of the railroad 
companies has prepared the way for a con- 
dition of graft, dishonesty and corruption 
in public office never before witnessed in 
any civilized country. It can only be com- 
pared to the conditions existing during the 
decline of the Eoman Empire. 

In addition to this lamentable condi- 
tion of affairs there is a general loss of con- 
fidence in the justice of the decisions of our 
judges that places government of the peo- 



194 Public Utilities 

pie in greater danger that it was in the 
darkest hour of the rebellion. 

Third. — The dishonesty of the corpor- 
ations and the grasping disposition of the 
great captains of Feudalism in business has 
a degrading influence upon the character 
of the whole people. The conscience of the 
individual is necessarily seared, deadened, 
and benumbed in order to meet their 
methods. 

Also under the corporate system a few 
must furnish the brains for the conduct of 
the business while other thousands em- 
ployed are simply cogs in a great machine, 
thereby robbing the individual, not only 
of his opportunities but also of most of 
his God given faculties. 

As previously stated, the worst mo- 
nopoly is a monopoly of knowledge. If 



Public Utilities 195 

we do not know as much as some one else, 
we should use the knowledge we have and 
all of our faculties for our own good and 
all will be well, simply because that was 
the scheme of the Creator. 

The passing of the corporation in private 
business is only a matter of justice to our- 
selves and a common ordinary regard for 
the ability of the Creator to make the best 
possible man for transacting the business, 
with the object in view of giving the fruits 
of the Earth to mankind. 

As there was nothing made for cor- 
porations and trusts, every thing they 
claim to own is stolen property. The day 
is now dawning when the common people 
will refuse to protect stolen property for 
their benefit, therefore it will have to be 
restored to its rightful owners. They, the 
corporations and trusts, do not have any 



196 Public Utilities 

better title to the property they claim to 
own that the Feudal Landlord had to his 
lands. They do not have any better title 
than the slave owner had to his slaves be- 
fore the war of the Rebellion. 

The mills of the gods grind slow but 
they do grind exceeding fine. 

The selfish mainspring of human con- 
duct moves slow but it does move exceed- 
ing sure. 

It might be well for those now rolling 
in stolen wealth and luxury to remember 
the past. The same irresistible force, the 
constant pressure of the selfish mainspring 
of human conduct on the common people, 
the same force that proclaimed the declar- 
ation of American Independence and 
fought the war of the revolution, to estab- 
lish government of the people, the same 



Public Utilities 19 T 

force that fought the battle of Gettysburg 
' ' That that government might not perish 
from the Earth' } in now causing them 
(the common people) to demand their in- 
heritance, which most certainly includes 
the Public Utilities. 

It has been plainly shown, in fact any 
one with ordinary observation and intel- 
ligence knows beyond a doubt, that the 
Earth will produce or contain a surplus of 
a few commodities in almost every local- 
ity, that is to say more than any probable 
population can consume in the immediate 
vicinity. This peculiar construction of the 
Earth enables the people, if not interfered 
with by tariff walls, financial panics, and 
unnecessarily high rates of transportation, 
to more than double the whole amount pro- 
duced. 

The people of our own country at the 



198 Public Utilities 

present time have manifested their dis- 
satisfaction with the high tariff and de- 
manded that it be revised downwards; 
they have recognized the fact that no bus- 
iness can be managed on the greed plan 
and have demanded government regula- 
tion of the Public Utilities; in other words, 
they have demanded that the government 
furnish the brains for conducting the bus- 
iness and Commissioners have been ap- 
pointed for that purpose. They have also 
manifested their displeasure with the finan- 
cial system and are in search of a system 
by which financial panics may be avoided. 

In the construction of the Fifth and 
Sixth columns it was plainly shown that 
the limited private ownership of the land 
and business, conducted under the com- 
petitive system, gives support to govern- 
ment of the people and at the same time 



Public Utilities 199 

provides the fruits of the Earth to man- 
kind in the largest quantities at the low- 
est prices, or least exertion. 

The seventh column shows how the 
selfish mainspring of human conduct will 
settle the financial question, and the Eighth 
column shows how it will settle the tariff 
question. The same force that settles 
those questions will also settle the ques- 
tions concerning the ownership and oper- 
ation of the Public Utilities. 

While the present lamentable condi- 
tion of graft and dishonesty in public af- 
fairs indicates an inability on the part of 
the people to manage the Public Utilities, 
yet it should be remembered that any com- 
plicated piece of machinery will not work 
well with a part of it left out. Suppose 
we try to run a grain binder and leave out 



200 Public Utilities 

the little spring that holds the end of the 
twine. The result would no doubt be very 
unsatisfactory, but that is just what we 
have done in allowing the corporations to 
usurp the most important function of gov- 
ernment and manage the Public Utilities. 

It is a well known fact if the honest 
capable men are driven out of any business 
or occupation then that business or occu- 
pation falls into a state of corruption and 
decay, and that is exactly the trouble with 
our country at the present time. The hon- 
est capable men have refused to seek public 
office through the saloon influence, conse- 
quently most of our public officials are 
grafters and bribe takers. 

The work to be done by the govern- 
ment from now on will require business 
men noted for their honesty and ability 
to transact business and it is safe to sav 



Public Utilities 201 

when the people have their savings invest- 
ed in the public utilities, owned and oper- 
ated by the government, no official will be 
elected to any public office by saloon in- 
fluence. 

This, the most important part of gov- 
ernment of the people, by the people, for 
the people, I conceive, was intended to 
make them elect the very best men to pub- 
lic office. 

For the rule that we have to guide us 
in the construction of the necessary col- 
umns for the support and maintenance of 
the Universal Civilization, see page 86. 

The reader, knowing what our fore- 
fathers and ancestors suffered from the 
downfall of the Roman Empire to the dec- 
claration of American Independence to es- 
tablish government of the people, and also 



202 Public Utilities 

knowing what we have suffered to perpet- 
uate it, the truth of this rule becomes un- 
deniable, to wit, every institution or every 
column of our structure must help to per- 
petuate the first four columns and at the 
same time carry out the intention of the 
Creator, "Even as the green herb have I 
given you all things. " 

Under this rule the Public Utilities of 
the cities will be owned and operated by 
the municipal authorities, those of the State 
by the State and those of an interstate 
character, such as railroads, telegrapn 
telephone, mails etc. by the National gov- 
ernment. 

The government will receive the sav- 
ings money of the people at every post- 
office with which to carry on the business, 
and will pay an economical rate of interest 
for it, which will be not less than five per 
cent per annum, exempt from all tax. 



Public Utilities 203 

The amount that any one individual 
can deposit and draw interest on will be 
limited to the amount necessary to procure 
the desired loan. 

And further, in order to knit the peo- 
ple of all nations more closely together and 
thereby remove all danger of war, a liberal 
amount of all natioal loans will be set 
apart for the people of other nations on the 
same terms and conditions. 

A five per cent rate of interest is an 
economical rate of interest because it will 
induce the common people to save. 

Under the present system the banks get 
tlie savings money of a few of the people 
who are induced to save on a two or three 
per cent basis. The predatory captains of 
finance get this money from the savings 
. banks and insurance companies and carry 



204 Public Utilities 

on tlieir Wall street schemes of gambling 
and robbery, which often results in the 
depositor losing his savings and prevents 
others from trying to save. This low rate 
of interest, together with the well known 
dishonest methods of the great captains 
of finance, has caused the people to refuse 
to invest tlieir savings in the stocks and 
securities of the Public Utilities and the 
price of land has advanced to such an ex- 
tent that it is impossible for a poor man 
to buy a farm and pay for it in an ordinary 
life time. 

Under government ownership of the 
Public Utilities on a five per cent basis, 
the money invested in the securities of the 
government will be just as safe and pay 
better under present conditions than money 
invested in land. The reader can now see 
that the land owner who has more land 



Public Utilities 205 

than is necessary for economical produc- 
tion will rid himself of useless care and 
trouble, sell his land and invest the money 
in the government securities. The Fifth 
Column, or the private ownership of the 
land, and this column will act automatical- 
ly so the government will not have to sell 
any land at public auction. 

Under government ownership every 
dollar will represent one hundred cents 
actually invested. There will be no wat- 
ered stock to pay dividends on, conse- 
quently five per cent will be much less 
than we are now paying for the money 
that is actually invested in the Public 
Utilities. 

Under the present system of corpo- 
rate ownership the freight and passenger 
rates are governed by the greed of the 
predatory or feudal managers. 



206 Public Utilities 

This new idea of government regu- 
lation is not practical and is intended on- 
ly to delay the application of the natural 
law. 

After we have government ownership 
the rates will be governed by the cost of 
maintenance and operation plus the five 
per cent, which will go to a great many 
people instead of a very few. 

Government under these conditions, 
the reader can easily understand, becomes 
a great business institution, requiring the 
assistance of the graduates of the col- 
leges and the intelligent labor of millions 
of the common people. 

The pay will be fair and just, based 
upon the ability of the individual to per- 
form the work required, and not in any 
case based upon the ability of any one to 



Public Utilities 201 

get the people's money away from them 
for nothing. All of the extreme high sal- 
aries we hear of are paid for dishonesty 
to the people. 

The occupation under government 
ownership will be honorable; the service 
will be perfect; there will be no strikes or 
lockouts, or financial panics or loss of the 
savings of the people by the juggling pro- 
cess of the Feudal captains of industry. 

The Feudal or so called predatory 
captains will be out of business. 

It is claimed by some that the govern- 
ment cannot manage the Public Utilities. 
That is what the chief engineer of the 
Panama canal thought and the govern- 
ment let him out and ordered an army 
engineer down there to take charge of the 
work and make the canal, which he pro- 



208 Public Utilities 

ceeded to do and is fast completing a 
greater work than any so called captain of 
industry ever undertook. 

It should be remembered that the 
government manages the mails quite suc- 
cessfully. If we could dispense with the 
useless guesses on the excellent condition 
of the growing crops and other useless 
dead head business there would be no de- 
ficiency. 

The days of the predatory trusts and 
corporations are numbered. The people 
will not much longer submit to any busi- 
ness being done on the greed plan. It will 
soon be discovered that regulation is a 
failure. Then the only thing to do is for 
the government to take possession of the 
Public Utilities and manage them for the 
benefit of the people. 



Public Utilities 209 

This column of our structure most 
certainly helps to support government of 
the people and also carries out the inten- 
tion of the Creator that all mankind 
should have and enjoy the fruits of the 
Earth. 

The selfish mainspring of human con- 
duct will surely, at no distant day, place 
this column on the foundation of the Uni- 
versal Civilization. 



Diagram Showing 
Construction of 

Tenth Column 



FandM 



FftndM 



10 

1 


F and M \ 

2 e\ 


4 


S 7 J 


5 


FandM / 



Sanitation 



210 



Sanitation 211 



H" ANITARY science has so far pro- 
gressed that it is little, if any, 
better than murder to allow the 
children to be killed off by contagious 
disease. 

Under the law of competition the 
people cannot stamp out contagious dis- 
ease, therefore it is the plain duty of the 
government to meet it at the line, prevent 
its importation and then stamp it out in- 
side the line. 



CONSTRUCTION OF TENTH COLUMN 



Sanitation 



0" T least one-half of the children 
that are born either die or have 
their health and happiness de- 
stroyed for life before they are twenty 
years old by contagions disease. 

During the school age of the children 
there is continual and incessant interrup- 
tion with the schools on account of the 
breaking out of some contagious disease. 

Sanitary science has so far progressed 
that it is little, if any, better than mur- 
der to allow this condition of affairs to 
continue. 



Sanitation 213 

This talk we hear of race suicide 
sounds well but it does not cost any mon- 
ey; there is just as much left to build 
battleships and buy war material to main- 
tain peace on a war footing, after the 
question is discussed, as there was before. 

The proposition of eradicating conta- 
gious disease not only of children but of 
all kinds, including tuberculosis, means 
the continuous employment for a number 
of years of an army of educated men with 
power to condemn and destroy private 
property at public expense, all of which 
will cost money, probably as much as it 
does to build and maintain two warships 
a year; but the result will soon show up 
in the decrease of doctor bills and funeral 
expenses, also in the great increase of 
strength and healthfulness of the children 
and possibly, when the people discover 



214 Sanitation 

that they do not have to worry over con- 
tagions disease and take chances of their 
children being murdered in war to main- 
tain peace, race suicide will also disap- 
pear. 

The Universal Civilization demands 
not only that all contagious disease be 
eradicated but it also demands that the 
houses of the poor shall be constructed 
with due regard to the discoveries of sani- 
tary science. 

Now that the war and navy depart- 
ments are closed simply because there is 
nothing to fight about, and the legal de- 
partment is out of business because there 
are no trusts and corporations to prose- 
cute, the government will have plenty of 
time and money to do the things that it 
ought to do, to wit, as before stated, to 
do all things necessary for the Universal 



Sanitation 215 

Civilization that cannot be done by the 
people under the competitive system. 

With this rule before us, it is easy to 
draw the line and say what the govern- 
ment shall do and what the people shall 
do. 

Manifestly there is no way for the 
people individually to stamp out conta- 
gious disease. 

The only possible way to accomplish 
this great step forward in civilization is 
for the government to meet the disease at 
the line and prevent its importation and 
then eradicate it inside of the line. This 
will take time and money but the result 
in a few years will show that the money 
exjDended for this purpose is a good invest- 
ment. 



216 Sanitation 

The selfish mainspring of human con- 
duct is now demanding that this column 
be placed upon the foundation of the Uni- 
versal Civilization. 



Diagram Showing 
Construction of 
Eleventh Column 



/ T and M 
III 


10 

l 


T and M \ 
£ 8\ 




4 


3 7 | 


\ P and M 


5 


T ftndM 1 



Peace 



5J8 



217 



218 Peace 



n 



HE day the armies are disbanded, 
the battleships disarmed, the can- 
non spiked, that day and ever 
after, home, family, civilization, every- 
thing we hold dear is safer than it was the 
day before; these are the playtnings of the 
childhood of civilization, tiie instruments 
of the barbarian; they belong to a bygone 
age and should be bnriecl with the dead 
past before they inflict another great ca- 
lamity upon mankind. 



CONSTRUCTION OF ELEVENTH COLUMN 



Peace 



D 



HE government ownership and op- 
eration of the Public Utilities on 
a five per cent basis, the abolition 
of protection from poverty by taxation 
for the sole benefit of the trusts and corpo- 
rations, the destruction of all tariff walls 
and the adoption of universal freedom of 
trade by and between all nations means 
much more than appears on the surface. 

It means that force or power to main- 
tain protection from poverty by taxation 
as the basis of civilization is at last over- 
thrown. 

219 



220 Peace 

It means the grinding down of the 
people between the upper and lower mill 
stones of paying war debts and maintain- 
ing an armed peace is abandoned. 

It means, in addition to the declara- 
tion of independence, that all men are en- 
dowed by their Creator with the right to 
life, liberty, equality and freedom, that the 
Earth was created for mankind and they 
are also endowed with the right to the 
fruits of the Earth, in other words, it 
means a declaration of the people that 
they propose to assert and maintain their 
right to the gift of the Creator to all. 

It means that the satisfied top is again 
dislodged and the construction of the 
Universal Civilization will be pushed for- 
ward. 

It means that all nations have aban- 



Peace 221 

cloned the desire to interfere with the af- 
fairs of the people of all other nations. 

It means that the laws and forces pro- 
vided by the all wise Architect of the Uni- 
verse for the construction of the Universal 
Civilization will be allowed to perform 
their intended function. 

It means the end of barbarism and 
the disappearance of war. 

It means revolution and it means 
Universal PEACE. 

At the present time, and it is a burn- 
ing disgrace to the intelligence of the age, 
at least one-half of the energy of mankind, 
over and above the actual necessaries of 
life, is worse than wasted in paying war 
debts and maintaining the so-called armed 
peace, and yet we have no peace; neither 
can there be any peace so long as we are 
continually preparing for war. 



222 Peace 

The sad and long remembered day 
comes in the life of the little girl when 
she knows it is necessary to lay away the 
idols of her childhood, her dolls and toys, 
and assume the duties and obligations of 
life; likewise the boy abandons his sled 
and little wagon, his drum and air gun, 
his marbles and ball, and finally his knick- 
erbockers and goes out into the World to 
seek his fortune. 

The old home in which we have spent 
the happy days of childhood has at last 
become dilapidated beyond repair; it must 
be torn down and replaced with a new one. 
We approach these changes in life with 
feelings of sadness but there is no reason 
why we should approach the day when 
the instruments of war are muzzled and 
laid away with the dead past with any 
except feelings of exultation. 



Peace 223 

That day will ever afterwards, 
throughout all the nations of the Earth, 
be a day of rejoicing. 

The time has come when it is neces- 
sary for the further progress of Civiliza- 
tion, for the common people, the farmers, 
merchants, laborers of the four leading 
nations of the Earth, the United States, 
France, Great Britain and Germany, to 
hold a convention and make a World's 
declaration of independence, asserting the 
right of all mankind to life, liberty, equal- 
ity and freedom, and also asserting the 
right of mankind to the fruits of the 
Earth, and set the machinery in motion 
that will lead to the election of a World's 
Peace Congress to take charge of the na- 
vies and all other means of any nation 
making war on another. 

Free and unrestricted trade will soon 



224 Peace 

cause the expected awakening of China, 
and the Peace Congress of the World 
should be ready to meet her with this, 
the constitution of the Universal Civiliza- 
tion — The earth was created for mankind 
and the fruits of the Earth are the gift of 
the Creator to all — and lead her not back- 
ward into the carnage of war and barbar- 
ism but forward in the ways of peace and 
prosperity. 

The Peace Congress will provide a 
universal system of weights and measures 
and a universal system of money, which it 
is now plain to see can be nothing but 
gold and silver. 

The Peace Congress will have charge 
of all things necessary for the peace and 
welfare of all the nations of the earth. 
It will be provided with the best ship that 
the ingenuity of man can devise and equip- 



Peace 225 

ped with all means of communication so it 
can be called at any time and place. 

The Congress will be in continual ses- 
sion, visiting every nation, informing 
themselves of the existing conditions, and 
thus would be prepared, when called upon, 
to give proper assistance and make deci- 
sions that will be just and command the 
support of the people. 

This Peace Congress will only cost a 
few million dollars per annum and the peo- 
ple of all nations will gladly contribute to 
the payment of the cost. 

Think of it, reader, the day the armies 
are disbanded, the battleships disarmed, 
the cannon spiked; that day and ever aft- 
er, life, home, family, civilization, prop- 
erty, everything we hold dear, is safer 
than it was the day before. These are the 

29 



226 Peace 

playthings of the childhood of Civilization, 
the instruments of the barbarian. They 
belong to a bygone age and should be bur- 
ied with the dead past before they inflict 
another great calamity upon mankind. 

This destruction of the instruments 
of war will cause a saving that will double 
even the wages of the unskilled laborer. 

In addition to the saving of Univer- 
sal Peace, the adoption of free trade, 
which will necessarily come before peace, 
will not only increase the prosperity of 
large nations like ours, with the greatest 
variety of surplus products, but will 
cause a much greater increase of prosper- 
ity in the smaller nations, with the less 
number of surplus products, because the 
people of the smaller nations will be able 
to employ their labor and capital in the 
production of the surplus. 



Peace 227 

Also the government ownership and 
operation of the Public Utilities, with the 
savings of the common people on a five 
per cent basis, will provide a safe invest- 
ment at a reasonable rate of interest, 
which will cause the laboring men to 
save their money instead of squandering 
it in saloons for intoxicating beverages. 

As time rolls on and the construction 
of the Universal Civilization progresses, 
a condition of prosperity and happiness 
will develop of which we at this time 
cannot have the least conception. 

That irresistible force, the constant 
pressure of the selfish mainspring of hu- 
man conduct, was more especially provid- 
ed by the Creator for the construction of 
this column, which will be the crowning 
glory of man. It is plainly based upon the 



228 Peace 

proposition that the Earth was created for 
mankind and the fruits of the Earth are 
the gift of the Creator to all. 



Diagram Showing 
Construction of 
Twelfth Column 




Religion 

229 



230 



Religion 




HERE knowledge goes the Chris- 
tain religion follows. It appears 
to be the only religion that re- 
quires universal education, tiiat thrives on 
the increase of knowledge, that is strength- 
ened by every new discovery of science. 



CONSTRUCTION OF TWELFTH COLUMN 



Religion 



S"ELIGION is the recognition of a su- 
preme being and is to each indi- 
vidual according to his intellec- 
tual attainments. It defines man's duty 
to his Creator and to his fellow men. 

Eeligious liberty is the discovery and 
application of the natural law that every 
one has the right to his own religious 
opinion. 

The plain duty of man to mankind 
is to observe and practice the golden rule. 
" Do unto others as you would that others 
should do unto you." 

To do his work, at least not obstruct it, 
to establish universal peace and harmony 
and carry the Christian religion to all na- 
tions, is the duty of man to the Creator. 

231 



232 Religion 

It is almost useless to undertake to ac- 
complish this great work by sending a few 
missionaries to heathen or uncivilized 
countries. The ignorant and uneducated 
cannot understand, consequently cannot 
embrace, the spirit of the Christian re- 
ligion. 

"They may," says Mr. Buckle, the 
great historian of Civilization in England, 
"build churches and attend the meetings, 
adopt the rites and ceremonies of the new 
religion, but the religion itself cannot be 
adopted by an ignorant people; the igno- 
rance must first be removed." 

The forward movement of Christianity 
depends upon the general diffusion of 
knowledge. 

Where knowledge goes the Christian 
religion follows. It is the only religion 



Religion 233 

that requires universal education, that 
thrives on the increase of knowledge, that 
is strengthened by every new discovery of 
science. 

As trade was intended by the Creator 
to be the great civilizer of mankind, the 
immense increase of trade and travel and 
the corresponding increase of prosperity 
in all nations, that will be caused by the 
downfall of protection from poverty by 
taxation and the maintenance of peace on 
a war basis, will cause an awakening of the 
people, resulting in the desired diffusion 
of knowledge, which will necessarily lead 
to the adoption of the Christian reli- 
gion by the people of all nations. 

Then will the magnificent structure, 
the grandest work of man, be complete, 
according to the plans and specifications 
of Him who doeth all things well. 

30 



Notes. 

Note 1. The word man as used in 
this book includes both men and women. 
So far no scientific reason has been discov- 
ered for making any distinction in the 
rights, either political or otherwise, of in- 
dividuals on account of sex. 

Universal Peace and Universal Civili- 
zation cannot be attained without perfect 
equality and the combined effort of both 
men and women. 

Note 2. Mr. Buckle, whom I have oft- 
en quoted in this book, repeatedly warns 
us of the danger of the abuse of power by 
any class of people. Speaking of the con- 

234 



Notes 235 

dition of the people of India, he says: 
"It was therefore to be expected that the 
unequal distribution of wealth should 
cause an unequal distribution of power, 
and there is no instance on record of any 
class possessing power without abusing 
it." 

Again he says: "The love of exercis- 
ing power has been found to be so univer- 
sal that no class of men who have pos- 
sessed authority have been able to avoid 
abiising it." To allow the bankers to is- 
sue money and control the amount is evi- 
dently conferring upon them a power 
which they will be sure to abuse. 

Note 3. The danger of conferring too 
much power upon any class of the people, 
as shown in Note 2, can be plainly seen at 
the present time in the abuse of power by 



236 Notes 

those in control of the Judicial depart- 
ment of our government. 

' ' Of all the various ways in which the 
imagination has distorted truth," says Mr. 
Buckle, "there is none that has worked so 
much harm as an exaggerated respect for 
past ages. This reverence for antiquity 
is repugnant to every maxim of reason." 

The backward state of civilization at 
the present time in China is the result of 
looking backward for wisdom. 

The Dred Scott decision and other de- 
cisions along that line before the "War of 
the Rebellion were not up to the intellec- 
tual attainments of the time and caused 
the people to have utter contempt for the 
decisions of the court. 

At the present time every profession, 
every industry, every department of the 



Notes 237 

government, excepting the legal depart- 
ment, is progressing, seeking for knowl- 
edge, making new discoveries, adopting 
new and better methods, but the legal pro- 
fession stands still. Go into a lawyer's 
office and ask for information and he will 
turn his back to you, take down a lot of old 
musty books and look backward for wis- 
dom. 

Of all the people of any community 
the lawyers and judges alone look back- 
ward for wisdom. They deny themselves 
the advantages of education and devote 
their time to ascertaining how their an- 
cestors decided legal questions. 

The difference between our country 
and China, which will not be denied by 
any one with ordinary intelligence, con- 
sists in this fact; in China all the profes- 
sions, all the people, worship their ances- 



238 Notes 

tors, look backward for wisdom, while in 
our country the legal profession, the law- 
yers and judges alone, worship their an- 
cestors. 

Now that the Chinese are waking up, 
looking forward, cutting off their cues or 
"pig tails" as we call them, if it did not 
conflict with my ideas of personal liberty, I 
would advocate the importation of a ship 
load of the discarded ' i pig tails ' ' and com- 
pel every member of the legal profession 
to wear one or more, so the voters could 
easily recognize them and keep them out 
of the legislature and other positions re- 
quiring a forward instead of a backward 
education. 

The present judicial system, like the 
tariff system and the financial system, is 
altogether too complicated for the com- 
mon people to understand, consequently it 



Notes 239 

will soon be abandoned and the way pro- 
vided by the Creator for adjusting dis- 
putes, misunderstandings and differences 
between individuals and nations will be 
adopted. Manifestly if the Creator had 
failed to provide a way of settling or ad- 
justing such disputes, then the whole 
scheme or theory of this book is not 
based upon truth. 



Justice 



Take a little duck and a little chick- 
en just able to walk and place them by 
the side of a dish of water; the chicken 
will probably take a drink and then walk 
away from the dish but the duck will jump 
into the water, wiggle his little stump of 
a tail, take a drink and wink his eye at 
you, as if to say: "Thanks, that is just 
what I was looking for." We call this 
knowledge of the duck and the chicken 
instinct. It was given them by the Cre- 
ator for their own welfare. 

In order to establish and perpetuate 
government of the people, every child is 
born with a knowledge of Justice, which 

240 



Justice 241 

is the only knowledge or instinct given 
to mankind by the Creator. Any close ob- 
server of children can notice this knowl- 
edge and love of justice by the time the 
ordinary child is old enough to talk. 

This idea that law is not necessarily 
justice is the very height of nonsense. 
The judges cannot make laws and enforce 
them or make unjust decisions and enforce 
them any better than the Clergy could 
make a religion and enforce it. We all 
know that the Clergy has been shorn of 
their power and in its place we now have 
religious liberty. The law, like religion, 
depends upon and is the result of the in- 
tellectual attainments of the people. The 
creed and the constitution, the law and the 
religion, must advance with the progress 
of knowledge. 

The law and religion of an educated 

31 



242 Justice 

and civilized people cannot be forced upon 
an ignorant and barbarous people; neither 
can the law and religion of the past be 
forced upon the people of the present. 

At the present time we have allowed 
the courts to magnify their power and im- 
portance to such an extent that the whole 
judicial system of the government will 
soon be abolished and the old musty law 
books, containing at least three decisions 
on both sides of every question, will be 
laid away with the dead past, and in place 
of this system we will have nothing but 
the jury; instead of the justice of the 
peace I can imagine we will have a jury 
of three men elected by the people, two 
of whom will have the power to decide the 
case; instead of the County and Circuit 
courts we will have a jury of nine elected 
by the people of the county, six of whom 



Justice 243 

will have power to decide the case; and 
instead of the Supreme court a jury of 
twelve to be elected by the people of the 
state, nine of whom will have power to de- 
cide the case. The juries will have power 
to enforce their decisions and punish in- 
dividuals for contempt, not for contempt 
of a court that looks backward for wis- 
dom but for contempt of the people. The 
jury alone should have this power. 

Under this system there will be no 
cause for keeping any record of the pro- 
ceedings of the jury or how the cases are 
decided. No two cases are exactly alike 
and the next jury will know as much or 
a little more than the last one. 

At the present time the lawyers put in 
a great deal of time trying to get at least 
one man on the jury whom they hope to be 
able to bribe or befog with their so-called 



244 Justice 

eloquence. After the jury is at last select- 
ed, the principal object is to prevent the 
witnesses from telling the truth, or only 
allowing them to tell a part of it. After 
they are done the judge submits or gives 
them a lot of foolish instructions, telling 
them what the law is. Now, if the reader 
will stop and think a few minutes he can 
easily see how foolish all this is. In the 
first place the jury knows justice just like 
the little duck knows water. They do not 
need any instruction from any one and es- 
pecially from a judge who befogs his brain 
looking backward for wisdom. 

The facts of the case are the People, 
the Jury, are the judges of the law and the 
evidence and they have their instructions, 
a knowledge and love of justice, from the 
all wise Creator who made the law that 
holds the Earth in its orbit and gave the 
little duck instinct so it knows water and 



Justice 245 

knows it can swim, and gave tlie little 
chicken instinct or knowledge so it knows 
water and knows that it cannot swim. 
The reader may not be convinced but I 
have tried to show that He made the laws 
to establish and perpetuate government 
of the people, which is only a part of His 
scheme for the construction of the Uni- 
versal Civilization and carrying out His 
intention, "Even as the green herb have 
I given you all things. ' ' 

The demand of the people at the pres- 
ent time for the initiative and referendum 
and recall is the beginning of the down- 
fall of the present judicial system. It 
shows that the people are determined to 
govern and there is very little more dan- 
ger that "Government of the people, by 
the people, for the people shall perish 
from the Earth' ' than there is of the moon 
falling into lake Michigan. 



:T 18 tan 



One copy del. to Cat. Div. 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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